目的 探讨Braden量表诊断老年人压力性损伤的适用性和最佳界值,为临床正确使用Braden量表提供依据.方法 招募全国52所医疗机构,1067名培训合格的护士每2～3人一组,采用目的抽样法纳入60岁以上住院患者,检查其全身皮肤并收集相关资料,判断是否存在压力性损伤及其分期,同时采用Braden量表预测评分.使用统计软件分析老年人压力性损伤流行特征和Braden量表预测诊断压力性损伤受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、灵敏度、特异度和约登指数.结果 在33769例有效资料中,压力性损伤总现患率为3.12％(1054/33769),其中医院获得性压力性损伤发生率为0.79％(267//33769).分层分析显示,Braden量表预测诊断不同年龄、性别、种族和不同医疗机构中老年患者压力性损伤的AUC为0.85～0.96,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.83～0.96和0.71～0.86.总分≤15、≤16、≤17、≤18、≤19、≤20分6个界值的AUC为0.67～0.82,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.67～0.84和0.54～0.68,约登指数为0.25～0.49,≤20分的约登指数和AUC最大.结论 Braden量表适用于不同年龄、性别、种族和不同医疗机构中的老年患者评估预测压力性损伤风险,总分≤20分作为最佳界值可提高预测效能.

Objective:To understand the current situation of nurses in 52 hospitals in China on mastery of knowledge about skin injury in the elderly based on the background of mixed-mode homogenization training.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 1 067 nurses from 52 hospitals in China were selected as the research objects in January 2021. A self-designed questionnaire on knowledge of skin injury in the elderly was used to investigate the nurses through the questionnaire star and univariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. A total of 1 067 questionnaires were distributed and 1 067 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100%.Results:The knowledge scores of pressure injury, incontinence-associated dermatitis, skin tear and xerosis cutis among 1067 nurses were (95.66±7.37) , (95.65±9.15) , (91.37±15.45) and (87.67±15.91) , respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that hospital grade was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge score of pressure injury, skin tear and incontinence-associated dermatitis ( P<0.05) , educational background was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge score of skin tear ( P<0.05) , professional title was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge scores of pressure injury, incontinence-associated dermatitis and xerosis cutis ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Hospitals at all levels need to strengthen the theoretical and practical knowledge training for nurses on skin xerosis and skin tear in the elderly, especially for nurses with primary titles and lower education in grassroots hospitals.