Objective To review the studies on biological effects of microwave irradiation on central nervous system in recent years. Literature resource and selection Research papers and written research reports in this field. Literature quotation Papers which have been published home and abroad were cited. Literature synthesis It was summarized into the biological effects of central nervous system caused by microwave irradiation,especially the nonthermal effect,and some new study points have been emphasized. Conclusions Central nervous system could be easily affected by microwave irradiation. After low-level exposure to microwave radiation repeatedly for a long time,the negative effect would appear.