为给烤烟培育壮苗提供优质、安全的育苗基质选择依据.引进当前常用的3种烤烟育苗基质,参照《烟草漂浮育苗基质标准》检测其理化特性,并在同一生态条件下开展小区育苗效果比较试验,随机区组排列,3次重复.结果表明,1)"松土"育苗基质的各项理化指标较好,所培育烟苗根系发达、茎秆较整齐,仅电导率明显超标,在一定程度上抑制种子萌发.2)育苗基质A表现为强酸性,且电导率、有效铁离子和砷含量超标,水体及基质表面滋生绿藻明显,育苗效果最差;而育苗基质B表现为出苗期小苗的旋根率突出,育苗效果中等.综上所述,"松土"育苗基质安全性高,育苗效果好,适合在烤烟育苗上应用,但要高度重视其电导率对种子萌发的不利影响.

烟草种植是农业的重要组成部分,现阶段面对的主要问题就是如何快速发展现代烟草种植.农业机械化是现代烟草农业建设的重要前提,在衡量烟草农业建设时,需要将农业机械化作为主要依据.在发展现代烟草种植面积、降低烟草成本以及提升烟叶质量方面,机械化种植模式都起着较为重要的作用.本文主要针对机械化种植模式对烟草在职的影响进行分析,这对烟才我种植工作的顺利开展有重要作用.

A field watering trials was carried out to study the influence of water on the effect of anti-diseases of flue-cured tobacco induced by dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP).The results show when DMP used in the same dosage,each tobacco strain with additional water 9 L could significantly (P<0.01)improve the height of the tobacco plants,the resistance to tobacco mosa-ic virus,tobacco brown spot and tobacco powdery mildew is increased,but the resistance to tobacco black shank is reduced.Using DMP 7.5 kg per hectare with additional water 9 L makes the relative control efficiency to tobacco mosaic virus,tobacco brown spot and tobacco powdery mildew increase 6.8%,1 1.5%and 17.9%respectively,makes the relative control efficiency to tobacco black shank reduce 30.6 percentage points.Using DMP 15.0 kg per hectare with additional water 9 L makes the relative control efficiency to tobacco mosaic virus,tobacco brown spot and tobacco powdery mildew increase 10.9%,3.44%and 16.84%respectively;makes the relative control efficiency to tobacco black shank reduce 26.6 percentage points.

The demonstration and extension effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum( DMP) in different soil were quite different.A field trial was carried out to contrast the resistance against disease and growth-promoting effect of DMP on flue-cured tobacco planted in sandy soil and loam. The results showed that the effect of DMP was quite different in different soil texture. Using DMP 15 kg / hm2 in sandy soil was better than using DMP 7. 5 kg / hm2. Using DMP 15 kg / hm2 in sandy soil could improve the main agronomic characters of Flue-cured tobacco significantly,protected tobacco plants from Tobacco Black Shank without one tobacco plant infected,the relative control efficiency to tobacco mosaic virus could reach 81. 88 %,the production and value could increase 180 kg / hm2 and 8 400 yuan / hm2. Using DMP 7. 5 kg /hm2 in loam was better than using DMP 15 kg / hm2. Using DMP 7. 5 kg / hm2 in loam could improve the main agronomic characters of Fluecured tobacco significantly,protect tobacco plants from Tobacco Black Shank and Tobacco Black Root Rot without one tobacco plant infected,the relative control efficiency to tobacco mosaic virus could reach 74. 60 %,the production and value could increase 255 kg / hm2and11 707. 5 yuan / hm2.