Organic fertilizer can improve soil management and alleviate soil nutrient loss caused by excessive fertilization. This study determines a fertilization scheme that can achieve high and stable crop yield and effective soil fertilization by exploring the effects of different organic fertilizer proportions on soil nutrient content, fertilizer utilization rate, and wheat yield. The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 using the Xinchun 38 wheat variety and gray desert soil. The experiment used six treatments: no fertilizer (CK), with normal nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (CF). The amount of conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 6%, 12%, 18%, and 24%, respectively, and supplemented with organic nitrogen fertilizer of the same proportion. The experimental treatment codes were SF6, SF12, SF18, and SF24, respectively. Plant samples from six wheat growth stages and 0–20 cm soil samples were collected to analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus content and organic matter; dry matter accumulation, crop yield, and yield components were measured at the harvest stage. Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and soil organic matter contents increased with the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer after three consecutive years of application. The available nutrients and organic matter in soil treated with SF18 and SF24 were significantly higher than those in CK and CF. The dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation of wheat increased with increasing organic fertilizer replacement rates of SF18 and SF24, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rates, partial productivity, and agricultural use efficiency also increased, with the SF18 and SF24 treatments having higher organic fertilizer replacement rates than those in the other treatments. The number of ears, 1000-grain weight, and yield of wheat treated with SF18 treatment produced the best results. Therefore, continuously using organic fertilizer as a partial replacement for conventional fertilizer can increase wheat growth and soil nutrient availability, which can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby achieving stability and even a significant increase in yield.

菘蓝为十字花科菘蓝属两年生草本药用植物,其地下部分称板蓝根,地上部分称大青叶.菘蓝原产于中国,是我国传统的大宗中药材,目前主产于中国黑龙江、甘肃、河南、新疆、内蒙古、宁夏等地,日本也有少量种植,菘蓝野生资源稀少,现入药大部分为栽培品种,只栽不选成为品种退化的重要原因.本文通过文献查阅,对菘蓝的种植现状、分布规律及种植中存在的问题及相应的对策进行整理汇总,并对如何改良菘蓝的种质资源、培育高产优质的新品种以及后期菘蓝种植产业发展给出建议,为菘蓝资源的合理开发利用和研究提供参考.

受市场影响,甘草需求量逐年扩大,价格也在逐渐上涨,在乡村振兴、优化产业结构的影响下,新疆甘草种植面积迅速扩大,但甘草高产栽培技术研究相对缓慢,不能满足生产需求.本文从种子处理、播期、密度以及栽培技术管理来阐述甘草全程机械化高产栽培技术,以促进实现新疆甘草高效栽培技术应用,提高经济效益.

[目的]回顾新疆红花生产历史及分布,摸清新疆红花生产现状,探讨发展对策,以期为新疆红花产业的健康、快速、可持续发展提供有价值的参考.[方法]采用实地调研并结合文献统计收集整理分析的方式调查新疆红花种植历史,总结新疆红花生产现状及特点,并针对现存问题提出相应的对策建议.[结果]新疆地区拥有悠久的红花种植历史,经过多年发展变迁,伊犁、塔城、昌吉红花主产区地位已经形成.但由于不同产区存在自然条件、栽培措施的差异,其种植面积、分布范围、品种资源等生产特点也各不相同.[结论]新疆红花生产存在品种混杂退化、栽培技术落后、生产经营方式粗放、机械化水平低、产业链过短过窄这样的限制因素.通过建立新疆红花良种繁育基地、制定红花栽培技术规程和产品质量检测标准、不断研发机械化采收工艺、拓宽产业发展思路,打造优势品牌,提高产品附加值等方式,可有效解决目前新疆红花产业发展现存问题,带动新疆红花产区产业发展.

通过对比试验,比较植物生长调节剂金得乐在玉米制种田母本上喷施后,在植株矮化、提高结实率、增加千粒重等方面的效果.结果表明:杂交玉米制种田喷施金得乐调节剂后,可使玉米株高降低、促苗壮秆,提高授粉率、结实率,增强玉米抗倒伏性,增产率可达27.94％.