Long-term field studies of the effect of presowing seed treatment of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) with XeCl-excilamp UVB radiation on sowing qualities of seeds and plant productivity have been carried out. The features of morphogenesis at various stages of growth and development of wheat plants have been determined. A subdose of exposure has been identified that increases the crop yield. The studies prove the prospects of introducing UVB treatment into the pool of modern agricultural technologies.

Представлены результаты многолетних лабораторных и полевых исследований действия УФБ-излучения на прорастание, рост и урожайность хозяйственно-­ценных растений. Объекты исследований – ​семена огурца, льна, моркови, пшеницы, гречихи, баклажана, сосны и туи, клубни картофеля, саженцы яблони и черенки винограда. Выполненные исследования доказывают гипотезу о необходимости применения субдоз УФБ-излучения для компенсации недостатка солнечного ультрафиолетового излучения при выращивании растений в теплицах или северных широтах России. Определено место полученных результатов в общем объеме мировых исследований. Описаны конструкции облучателей на основе эксиламп, позволяющие проводить обработку посевного материала как в лабораторных условиях, так и в полевых. На примере четырехлетних полевых исследований, выполненных на пшенице, доказана практическая применимость и перспективность предложенного метода обработки при решении актуальных задач по переходу к высокопродуктивному агрохозяйству.

The effect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds with nanosecond repetitively pulsed X-ray (RPX-ray) radiation at a dose of 0.07 Gy and pulse repetition frequencies of 13 and 25 Hz on the sowing quality of seeds and the productivity of plants has been studied. After the RPX-ray treatment of seeds at a frequency of 25 Hz, the sizes of germs and their parts and the grain yield increased by 10.5% relative to a control. The experimental results show the promise of further studies on the mechanisms of stimulating action and the expansion of the range of economically valuable test crops in order to identify their species and variety specificity.

The share of UVB spectrum range (290-320 nm) in the solar radiation flux accounts for an average of about 1.5% of the radiant flux on the planet. Taking into account the fact that plants adapt to living conditions in the course of evolution, it can be assumed that the flow of UVB radiation is also used by plants, but at the level of subdoses that reach the Earth's surface. The aim of current work is to study the growth and development of spring wheat (“Irgina” cultivar) when treated with subdoses of UVB radiation. For processing, XeCl-excilamp (High Current Electronic Institute SB RAS) radiation was used. The spectrum of this lamp is a narrow band with a maximum at a wavelength of 308 nm, which corresponds well to the UVB range. In the course of study, the pre-sowing UVB radiation dose values for seeds were found, under the influence of which wheat sprouts had an increase in such indicators as the length and dry weight of the root, the length of the leaf and the ratio of the root/shoot masses. It was shown, that as plants developed, the nitrogen balance index was always higher in the experiment with radiation in plants whose seeds were subjected to pre-sowing treatment with UVB radiation. This indicates the activation of growth and development processes in plants, as well as the accelerated absorption and assimilation of nitrogen compounds. Under the action of dose 0.5 J/cm2 the weighting parameters grain productivity such as weight of grains per ear, spike weight, weight of 1000 pcs seeds and the grain yield exceeded the check by 10.2%. The UVB processing did not affect the quality of the wheat grain. Based on the obtained data, it is concluded that the use of XeCl-excilamp UVB radiation for pre-sowing stimulation of wheat is promising.

Аннотация.Представлены результаты изучения влияния светодиодного освещения на рост и развитие растений салата (Lactuca sativa L.).Изучали стационарный и динамический режимы, при которых соотношение отдельных участков спектра в области ФАР изменялось с заданной периодичностью

Аннотация.Изучено влияние суспензии наночастиц ZnO на морфометрические и функциональные параметры огурца (Cucumis sativus L.).Обнаружено, что обработка субстрата наночастицами ZnO в концентрации 5 мг

In the article are presented the results of phytotesting of high dispersed waste slime with increased content of iron. In laboratory conditions have been investigated the growth of three types of corn-bean crops: Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine hispida under influence of different concentrations of waste slime (1% and 10%) with use of planetable method of couching of seeds on two types of substrates (water and soil). The following morphometric parameters of seedlings have been considered: height, length of root, above ground mass, root mass. It was found that investigated metallurgical slime has different influence on growth of corn-bean crops during initial stages of ontogenesis. The most sensitive object was Pisum sativum, the least – Glycine hispida. On soil substrates it was revealed a stimulant effect of 1% slime on seedlings of Pisum sativum. At the same time 10% slime depressed growth of Pisum and Phaseolus. It was revealed difference in slime’s bio effects on couching of corn-bean crops on two types of substrates (water and soil) contained high dispersed slime waste