Aerobic composting converts agricultural waste into stable, humus-rich products, and the application of exogenous additives is an efficient strategy to enhance humification. This systematic review synthesized studies published between 2023 and 2026 on additives that promote humification during agricultural waste composting. Based on the distribution of the retrieved literature, additives are categorized into inorganic additives, organic additives, biological strategies, and composite systems, and the effects and mechanisms of each category are systematically discussed. Iron-based additives achieve the highest humic acid (HA) increases of 82–267% through Fenton-like redox catalysis. Clay minerals and biochar produce moderate HA enhancements of 25–163% via physical structuring and surface adsorption with broader applicability. Small-molecule precursors and exogenous humic substances achieve HA gains exceeding 100% at sub-percent doses. Biological strategies provide self-sustaining catalytic activity but are sensitive to environmental conditions. Composite additives, the largest category, generally outperform single additives through functional complementarity, though antagonistic effects have also been documented. Cross-study patterns suggest that different feedstocks respond preferentially to distinct additive types, though systematic experimental validation is lacking. Critical gaps between laboratory findings and practical application are identified, including the predominance of small-scale studies, the absence of techno-economic analysis, and the unassessed environmental fate of metal-based additives. Future research priorities include pilot-scale validation under industrial conditions, the establishment of standardized humification metrics, and long-term field monitoring.

Lignocellulosic biomass,particularly agricultural residues such as corn stalks,represents a vast and underutilized resource for sustainable biofuel and biochemical production.However,the recalcitrance of lignocellulose,especially under high-solids conditions,poses significant challenges in terms of enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency,mass transfer limitations,and product inhibition.This study aims to address these bottlenecks by optimizing the enzymatic saccharification of holocellulose derived from corn stalks using a tailored enzyme cocktail composed of cellulase,cellobiase,and xylanase.The objective was to enhance sugar yield and concentration under industrially relevant high-solids loadings.Corn stalk holocellulose,supplied by Anhui Fengyuan Group,was pretreated using ammonium sulfate-based high-temperature steam explosion,resulting in a substrate containing 40.37％cellulose,11.00％hemicellulose,9.80％lignin,and 18.81％ash.The enzymatic hydrolysis process was systematically optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken Design(BBD)coupled with Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Four key variables-substrate solid content(15％-25％,w/w),enzyme dosage(2-4 times),temperature(45-55 ℃),and residence time(24-72 h)—were evaluated for their individual and interactive effects on reducing sugar yield.The optimized conditions were determined to be 20％solid content,3× enzyme dosage(equivalent to 27.71 mL cellulase,17.08 mL cellobiase,and 1.14 mL xylanase),48.21 ℃,and a hydrolysis duration of 72 h.Under these conditions,the reducing sugar concentration reached 108.97 g/L,corresponding to a yield of 94.49％,which represented a 21.3％improvement over the baseline process.The model exhibited high reliability,with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.915 7 and an adjusted R2 of 0.831 5,indicating a strong fit between experimental and predicted values.Structural characterization of the substrate before and after enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using SEM,FTIR,XRD,BET,and zeta potential analysis.SEM images revealed increased surface porosity and disruption of the intact cell wall structure following enzymatic treatment.FTIR spectra confirmed the degradation of hemicellulose and partial modification of lignin structure,as evidenced by the reduction or disappearance of characteristic acetyl and aromatic peaks.XRD analysis showed a notable decrease in cellulose crystallinity index(CrI)from 13.91％to 9.43％after 24 h of hydrolysis,indicating effective disruption of crystalline cellulose regions.BET surface area analysis demonstrated a reduction in total surface area but an increase in micropore volume and average pore diameter,suggesting enhanced accessibility of enzyme to internal cellulose structures.Zeta potential and particle size measurements indicated a reduction in particle aggregation and improved dispersion stability,further facilitating enzymatic action.These findings underscore the effectiveness of multi-enzyme synergy in overcoming the structural and physicochemical barriers of lignocellulosic biomass under high-solids conditions.The study provides a scalable and efficient enzymatic hydrolysis strategy that significantly increases sugar concentration and yield,offering a promising pathway for the industrial valorization of corn stalks and similar lignocellulosic feedstocks.Future work should focus on enzyme engineering for improved thermal stability and resistance to lignin-induced deactivation,as well as the integration of process engineering solutions such as fed-batch or continuous systems to further enhance economic viability and environmental sustainability.

A high organic loading during anaerobic digestion (AD) of corn straw frequently triggers rapid volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, pH decline, and process failure, partially due to inefficient syntrophic interactions and interspecies electron transfer. In this study, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate was grafted onto biochar to obtain quinone-modified biochar (QMBC), which was used to stabilize high-load AD of corn straw in a semi-continuous reactor. The results showed that during a high organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.36 g VS/L∙d, QMBC alleviated acid inhibition, reduced the total VFA concentration by 77.38 %, increased biogas production by 177.87 %, and maintained a methane concentration above 60 %. QMBC enriched electroactive bacteria, including Lentimicrobium (10.78 %) and Flexilinea (6.33 %), which were significantly and positively correlated with changes in the abundance of Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina. Functional predictions indicated significant enhancement of ccmEFGH and enzymes related to coenzyme F420 synthesis. Overall, quinone-functionalized biochar represents a practical additive to improve the stability and biogas production of high-loading AD.

Heavy metal contamination in livestock and poultry manure (LPM) restricts its resource utilization. This study proposes a novel natural deep eutectic solvents-assisted asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry (NADES-AACE) process to efficiently removal multiple heavy metals from LPM. Under optimal conditions, the removal rates of Zn, Cu and Pb reached 81%, 69%, and 67%, with total nitrogen and phosphorus retention exceeding 83%. Mechanism analysis showed NADES pretreatment disrupted the cellulose and lignin structures, promoting heavy metal release and speciation transformation. During AACE treatment, metal-EDTA chelates migrated toward the amidoxime-modified electrode under positive bias, and heavy metals were reduced to zero-valent particles and deposited on the electrode under negative bias, enabling metal removal and EDTA regeneration. The scaled-up process exhibited stable performance and electrode reusability. Compared with conventional methods, energy consumption per unit heavy metal removal decreased 40-79%. The findings indicate that the NADES-AACE process is an effective and sustainable method for LPM heavy metal control and safe utilization.

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC), as a typical inorganic flocculant for the treatment of anionic dye wastewater, was often constrained by drawbacks such as the long preparation period of the traditional alkali-addition method and the excessive residual Al concentration in the treated water. This study adopted microwave hydrothermal technology to efficiently prepare PAC with a high content of Alb within 10 min, and deeply combined it with chitosan (CTS) to construct a PAC-CTS composite coagulation system, in order to simultaneously improve flocculation efficiency and reduce the risk of residual Al. Experiments demonstrated that the PAC-CTS composite flocculant demonstrated significant flocculation performance enhancement compared to PAC alone. Response surface experiments indicated that the PAC-CTS composite flocculant demonstrated particularly outstanding dye removal performance under acidic conditions, achieving a dye removal rate of up to 99.05 % under optimal flocculation process conditions. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the cost-effectiveness of the PAC-CTS composite coagulation system and on its coagulation efficiency under different scenarios. The results showed that it had good application prospects in practical wastewater treatment. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the main mechanism of action of the coagulation system for the removal of anionic dyes was charge neutralization-hydrogen bonding synergy. In summary, this study designed a new and efficient method for the synthesis of PAC, and provided a solution for the treatment of anionic dye wastewater with high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the main means for the efficient utilization of crop straw resources. However, there were some bottlenecks such as limited organic load rate (OLR), low biogas production, poor stability, etc. To enhance the AD performances, in this study, corn stover hydrochar, which was activated with water vapour at high-temperature of 900 degrees C, was used to enhance a continuous AD fed with corn stover. The results showed that the maximum volumetric gas production rate of AD with hydrochar was 1.12 L/(L center dot d), which was 64.70 % higher than that of the control group. Accordingly, the maximum methane content was 64.97 %. When the OLR reached 4.36 g TS/(L center dot d), the pH of AD system with hydrochar remained at 5.98, in comparison, the control group exhibited acid inhibition with the pH of 4.79 and biogas production ceased. The accumulation of propionic acid significantly increased the abundance of Olsenella and Caproiciproducens. Methanosarcina showed a significant positive correlation with both hydrochar addition and OLR, but Prevotella_7 showed a significant negative correlation with Methanosaeta. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the hydrochar application in AD.

The anaerobic biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) as valorized bio-based chemicals relies on intricate and dynamic interaction networks within microbial communities. This review systematically summarizes the key mechanisms and regulatory strategies driving MCFA biosynthesis in terms of microbial interactions, with a focus on electron donor-acceptor generation and chain elongation (CE) processes. The functional stability and resilience of anaerobic fermentation systems are collectively sustained by microbial diversity via modular functional partitioning, metabolic complementarity, resilience against perturbations, and environmental adaptation. Notably, substrate competition and syntrophic symbiosis between functional taxa directly govern the directionality and efficiency of the metabolic flux. Carbon source preferences and environmental factors synergistically steer pathway selection, while exogenous interventions such as enhanced electron transfer or niche occupation optimize microbial cooperation. In addition, quorum sensing and electrochemical synergy further balance inter-species competition to achieve a dynamic equilibrium between metabolic branch inhibition and enrichment of CE consortia. These multidimensional interaction mechanisms provide high-purity electron donors and stable metabolic foundations for MCFA synthesis to guide directional microbial engineering strategies to enhance product yields. This study systematically summarized how microbial interaction networks drive efficient MCFA biosynthesis via a multi-scale coordination between various mechanisms, including metabolic flux partitioning control, environmental response feedback, and functional modularization design, providing a theoretical foundation for resolving critical challenges during anaerobic MCFA fermentation.

To address the issue of water eutrophication caused by low-concentration phosphate in municipal wastewater and overcome the limitations of traditional biochar technologies, this work proposed a new strategy for preparing Fe-modified biochar (FeBC-3) from waste coffee grounds via microwave pyrolysis. This method utilized the rapid and uniform heating characteristics of microwaves to efficiently activate the material, resulting in FeBC-3 with a high specific surface area and abundant pore structure, which was a powerful basis for treating low-concentration phosphate. FeBC-3 demonstrated excellent low concentration phosphate removal capability (99.26 % removal in 2 h), wide pH adaptability (>80 % removal under strong acid and alkali), and excellent antidisturbance capability. Laboratory-scale continuous flow adsorption tower experiments further confirmed the applicability of FeBC-3, and the Yoon-Nelson model accurately predicted the point at which phosphate permeation reached 50 %. Through advanced characterization and modeling, particularly using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the inner sphere complex was revealed to be the key mechanism for the efficient adsorption of phosphate by FeBC-3 at the molecular level, providing a new perspective for understanding its mechanism. The present study confirmed that FeBC-3, as a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent, had a great application prospect for the efficient treatment of low concentration of phosphate in municipal wastewater, which brought a new breakthrough in the field of water pollution control.

The natural hydrolysis-acidification (HA) process of straw for medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) synthesis often faces insufficient selectivity and poor control over the production of lactic acid (LAc) and acetic acid (HAc). Restructuring the microbial community can help regulate the production of LAc and HAc. This study established a fully modularized, resource-recycling system for MCFA production by the targeted enrichment of LAc and HAc functional species. First, within the 20 days of silage, corn straw was rapidly converted to LAc and HAc, with Lactobacillus and Acetobacter being remarkably enriched to 10¹⁰ copies/g VS. Subsequently, the HA module was optimized with a solid content of 10 % and an initial acidic pH of 5.5, which increased the hemicellulose degradation rate from 6.38 % to 17.24 %. While maintaining the HAc concentration, the LAc levels rose from 2.8 g/L to 4.6 g/L, and butyric acid production was suppressed. A predictive model for the caproic acid production, based on LAc and HAc was established and achieved an R2 value of 0.97. Lactobacillus dominated the system, while Acetobacter in the feedstock was gradually replaced by Clostridium, whose abundance increased from 13.87 % to 41.30 %. Syntrophobacter, Syner-01 enhanced the potential for pyruvate metabolism, a key metabolic pathway hub of LAc-HAc production. Key species predicted by random forest analysis were also enriched in reality, which revealed the regulatory mechanism of HA product formation. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrated the environmental and economic advantages of the modularity of our production line, which provides a high-value solution for straw anaerobic digestion.

Pyrochar has been extensively utilized; however, there is a dearth of research on the impact of pyrochar characteristics on the biogas production potential of anaerobic digestion (AD). To address this knowledge gap, in this study, 27 types of pyrochar were prepared through the pyrolysis of various agricultural straws (corn stover, cotton stalks, and rice straw) under different temperatures and atmospheres. Subsequently, the properties of these pyrochars and their potential to enhance AD were systematically investigated. The results revealed that these pyrochars mainly contained -OH groups, followed by aromatic rings. In particular, the corn stover-600-CO2 pyrochar had the highest specific surface area of 131 m2 g-1 and a pore volume of 0.147 cm3. Moreover, this pyrochar had an excellent electrical conductivity, with a low resistivity of 781 Omega cm, which was beneficial for electron transfer during AD. When the corn stover-450-N2 pyrochar was used to enhance AD, the highest CH4 production rate and CH4 content in biogas reached 69.5 mL g-1 VS/d and 67.1%, respectively. Correspondingly, the highest cumulative CH4 production reached 584 mL g-1 VS, which was 1.8 times higher than that of the control group. This study can offer a crucial foundation for the application of suitable pyrochar in AD.

Effective livestock manure management is crucial for carbon neutrality. Scientific accounting methods and integrated management strategies can help guide reductions in carbon emissions and promote green development. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by livestock manure, this study analyzed current accounting systems and focused on the complete chain of "collection-treatment-storage-use-returning" of manure based on the theoretical framework of greenhouse gas emissions accounting in the IPCC 2019 Guidelines. Combined with a life cycle assessment, the accounting list and boundaries were clarified, and the whole chain of livestock and poultry manure greenhouse gas accounting methodology system was proposed. Using swine breeding as a case study, this study evaluated the carbon emission reduction and sequestration effect of the whole manure chain using a typical technology model and a typical technological framework. It predicted the carbon reduction potential and sequestration benefits of utilizing swine manure in 2025 and 2030 in four scenarios. The findings indicated that the greenhouse gas emission factor of the whole chain of the six typical swine manure utilization modes in China was - 48.82-40.54 kgCO2et- 1. In 2022, the net greenhouse gas emissions from swine manure in China totaled approximately 2.0 x 107 tCO2e, with manure resource utilization reducing emissions by 3.2 x 107 tCO2e. Our projections suggest that emissions from swine manure in China may range from -1.8 x 107 to 1.3 x 107 tCO2e by 2025 and from -3.1 x 107 to 4.5 x 106 tCO2e by 2030. This can help guide optimal greenhouse gas emission reduction pathways for livestock and poultry farming and aid in the formulation of policies.

The recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic raw materials poses a challenge for current biogas plant operations, where hydrolysis and acidification (HA) are the rate-determining steps. To explore the HA balance and microbial mechanisms according to oxygen status and in conditions with relatively high solid content, we made a simple change to build an unsealed reactor. We found that the hemicellulose degradation rate increased by 149.3 % under unsealed conditions. Under microaerobic conditions (Mi), HA with more than 10 % total solid (TS) content exhibited a carbon loss rate of < 10 % in the first 7 days. In the 15 % TS Mi treatment, the organic acid conversion coefficient was 0.04, and the concentration increased to 7.4 g/L within 2 days. A high solid content was the key factor for ensuring efficient organic acid production in the early stage, whereas Mi affected the middle stage. Multiple methods revealed that abundant Prevotella and Clostridium, , as well as rare Bifidobacterium, , Sporacetigenium, , and specific bacteria, had substantial effects on efficient organic acid production and HA balance. The correlation with Mi was 0.57-0.83. The abundance of hemicellulase genes increased by 18.41 %, and the abundance of pyruvate kinase in Mi increased by 15.55 % compared with the sealed condition, demonstrating that Mi can provide complementary advantages in the HA process. The findings in this study improved the operational quality of conventional HA and anaerobic digestion.

Acetic acid (HAc) is an essential intermediate for improving the efficiency of biogas production in anaerobic digestion (AD) or for the production of liquid chemicals. The relationships between the mechanisms and microbial contributions of targeted regulation of HAc production in high-solids AD remains unclear. This study represents a breakthrough in revealing the mechanism of pH directed regulation of HAc production and microbial interactions. The regulation of the initial spray pH effectively improved the substrate hydrolysis rate and increased the concentration of HAc, with an average HAc percentage of total organic acids was 66.20 %. Microecological analysis revealed that rare species played a vital role in acidification, with all key acetogenic microbes identified as rare species. Additionally, the construction of a bacterial-environmental factor cooccurrence network revealed that lowering the initial spray pH enhanced the synergistic interactions among bacterial communities, and proportion of positive interactions among bacteria was 82.23%. The gene abundance of key enzymes in the acetate-type metabolic pathway dominated in the acidogenesis phase. Furthermore, a regression model was established between the HAc indicator microbe (Acinetobacter) and HAc yields. Overall, the results of this study indicate that pH regulation plays an important role in strengthening the production of HAc and rare species significantly contributed to HAc production.

This study investigated the role of K and steam in upgrading syngas quality over biochar in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor. The integration of K-char catalyst and steam greatly increased syngas (H2+CO) and H2 production. The syngas products yield (19.76 mmol/gbiomass) and a H2 yield (11.14 mmol/gbiomass) were achieved when K-char was used as catalyst in the presence of steam. In general, four ways could be concluded to promote volatiles reforming to improve syngas quality by K and steam: Firstly, K and steam interaction with biochar increased the surface area and developed the porous structure of biochar, providing the pyrolytic intermediates with full complete contact with the char surface, and improving the chance of contact with the active sites. Secondly, the condensation reactions of biochar were inhibited by K and steam, thus preventing the reduction of active groups on the aromatic ring of biochar. Thirdly, K and steam promoted the formation of O-containing groups with high reactive activity on the char surface, such as –COO and –CO. Moreover, volatile K migrated in biochar matrix during catalytic reforming, and steam inhibited the release of K in biochar, resulting in more K retaining on the char surface in the form of -COK and -COOK acting as the active sites, which ultimately improved the catalytic activity of biochar, and promoted tar destruction and hydrocarbon reforming.

为了研究牛粪(CM)与玉米秸秆(CS)连续干式共发酵的性能与物料流变特性,在卧式不锈钢横推流式反应器中,将CM与CS分别按照2:1,1:1,1:2 的总固体(TS)质量比混合,在进料TS含量分别为 20%,25%和30%的条件下进行厌氧共发酵试验.试验结果表明:CM与CS干式共发酵的最佳进料TS含量为25%,最佳CM和CS配比为1:2,容积CH4 产量最高为 1.63 L/(L?d),发酵后期稳定在 1.46～1.61 L/(L?d);随着进料TS含量的增加,进料表现出更高的剪切应力,在进料TS含量为 25%的条件下,发酵物料的黏度达到 30 Pa?s左右,但未观察到明显的抑制作用;当进料TS含量升高至 30%时,发酵物料的黏度达到 35 Pa?s左右,共发酵效率下降,物料的高黏度可能是导致CM与CS混合共发酵效率下降的原因;发酵物料的黏度随着CM占比的增加而增大,CM对物料流动的不利程度高于CS.

[目的]党的二十大提出要加快建设农业强国、美丽中国,对推进农业绿色发展提出了新的更高的要求.通过分析农业绿色发展理论内涵、思路路径及工作重点,为新时期推进农业绿色发展提供理论支撑.[方法]文章利用自然观、系统观、发展观等哲学方法,分析农业绿色发展理论逻辑,提出农业绿色发展思路路径;利用公开报道数据,从水土资源保育、产地环境清洁、粮食和重要农产品供给、农业集约节约发展等方面,分析我国农业绿色发展成效及存在问题.[结果]系统提出全面改善农业资源环境,不断增加绿色农产品供给,加快打造绿色低碳产业链,健全完善支撑保障体系.系统开展绿色发展试验示范,推动树立绿色消费观等农业绿色发展重点任务.[结论]新时期推进农业绿色发展,要以党的二十大精神为指引,推进农业发展全过程绿色转型,为推动农业高质量发展、建设农业强国提供有力支撑.

The present study investigated the synergistic characteristics between abiotic and biotic transformation with a view to improving the methane production efficiency of thermophilic and mesophilic sequencing batch dry anaerobic digestion (SBD-AD). The pilot scale experiment consisted of a lignocellulosic material based on a mixture of corn straw and cow dung. A leachate bed reactor was used for an AD cycle of 40 days. Several distinct differences are reflected in biogas (methane) production and VFA concentration and composition. A combination of first-order hydrolysis and a modified Gompertz model determined that the holocellulose (cellulose + hemicellulose) and maximum methanogenic efficiency at thermophilic temperatures were increased by 112.03 % and 90.09 %, respectively. Additionally, the methane production peak was extended by 3-5 days in comparison with that at mesophilic temperatures. The microbial community exhibited vastly different functional network relationships under the two temperature conditions (P < 0.05). The data indicate that Clostridales and Methanobacteria had preferable synergistic effects and that the metabolism of hydrophilic methanogens is necessary for the conversion of VFA to methane during thermophilic SBD-AD. The effect of mesophilic conditions on Clostridales was relative weakened, and acetophilic methanogens were mainly present. Moreover, simulation of the full-chain and operational strategy of SBD-AD engineering resulted in a decrease in heat energy consumption of 21.4-64.3 % at thermophilic temperatures and 30.0-90.0 % at mesophilic temperatures from winter to summer. Furthermore, the total net energy production of thermophilic SBD-AD was increased by 105.2 % in comparison with that at mesophilic temperatures, demonstrating strengthened energy recovery. Overall, raising the SBD-AD temperature to thermophilic levels has considerable application value for improving the treatment capacity of agricultural lignocellulosic waste.

The continuous dry co-digestion of corn straw (CS) and cow manure (CM) was studied in horizontal stainless steel push-flow reactors. The highest volumetric CH4 production of 0.76 L/(L center dot d) was obtained at the condition of total solid content (TS) = 25% with CM:CS = 1:2 (basis of TS). With the increase of TS content, the shear stress increased, which may be due to that the higher TS caused stronger interparticle flocculation. The viscosity increased with the enhance of proportion of CM, indicating that CM was more disadvantaged for the flow of materials than CS. When TS increased from 25% to 30%, CH4 production sharply decreased, which could be caused by the high viscosity (30 Pa center dot s) of the substrates, resulting in decreasing of mixing efficiency and formation of dead zones in the digester. Clostridiales and Methanosarcina were positively correlated with TS, indicating that both are more suitable for growth in dry anaerobic digestion (AD) than other microorganisms. This study pro-vides a theoretical basis for the application of continuous AD of agricultural and rural wastes.

Dry anaerobic fermentation is one of the important technologies to improve the efficiency of agricultural and rural waste treatment and resource recycling. Previously, due to the problems of low methane production efficiency and uneven mass and heat transfer of this technology, the micro-aerobic synchronous pre-heating dry fermentation technology was proposed, supporting equipment was designed, and pilot and pilot tests were carried out, and the methane production efficiency was improved. In order to further improve the practical application quality of amplification equipment, based on the optimization of key components such as sealing, feed inlet and outlet, and spray circulation system of fermentation equipment, the optimal aeration rate and the material transformation characteristics of micro-aerobic pre-heating stage in practical application were further explored, the relationship between microbial ecological network was revealed, and the actual operation effect was evaluated. The results showed that the optimization of key components significantly improved the operational stability of the equipment. The optimal aeration rate was 10 L/min and the volume gas production rate reached 1.20 m~3/（m~3·d） in the micro-aerobic synchronous pre-heating stage. At the 40th hour, the material temperature of each layer in the aerated group was increased by 45.54%, 32.46% and 52.06% compared with that in the non-aerated group. The simultaneous pre-heating promoted the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in each layer of the material, improved the acidification efficiency, and increased the concentration of organic acids by 59.83%, 50.69% and 20.85%, respectively. The gas production potential of the material was increased by 34.9%. The relationship between microbial network and changes in fermentation environmental factors was investigated. It was found that the abundance of SBR1031, Synergistales and Gaiellales, which had synergistic effects in micro-aerobic pre-heating stage, were increased by 57.67%, 15.88% and 68.59%, respectively.