trans-4-tert-Butylcyclohexanol (trans-1b), an antagonist for the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) used in sensitive skin cosmetics, faces sustainability challenges in conventional chemical synthesis. While biocatalytic approaches employing carbonyl reductases offer eco-friendly alternatives, existing enzymes lack sufficient activity and trans-selectivity for this substrate. In this study, an NADH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K12, UCPA, was identified to exhibit excellent diastereoselectivity (de) and moderate catalytic activity for trans-1b production. Structure-guided redesign of the substrate tunnel generated a small library of 12 mutants. The top variant, Y187A, achieved a 15.6-fold activity enhancement. When integrated with enzyme-coupled NADH regeneration, this mutant enabled complete conversion of 1 M 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone (1a) to trans-1b within 10 h, showing both excellent trans-selectivity (> 99.9%) and yield (> 99.0%). This biocatalyst also demonstrated broad applicability, efficiently reducing five additional para-alky-substituted cyclohexanones to the corresponding trans-alcohols. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the activity improvements arose from a widened substrate tunnel, an optimized hydrophobic binding microenvironment, and increased flexibility in the critical loop region. This work establishes a rational tunnel engineering strategy for short-chain dehydrogenases (SDRs) and delivers a robust biocatalyst for sustainable trans-1b synthesis.

Heavy metal contamination in livestock and poultry manure (LPM) restricts its resource utilization. This study proposes a novel natural deep eutectic solvents-assisted asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry (NADES-AACE) process to efficiently removal multiple heavy metals from LPM. Under optimal conditions, the removal rates of Zn, Cu and Pb reached 81%, 69%, and 67%, with total nitrogen and phosphorus retention exceeding 83%. Mechanism analysis showed NADES pretreatment disrupted the cellulose and lignin structures, promoting heavy metal release and speciation transformation. During AACE treatment, metal-EDTA chelates migrated toward the amidoxime-modified electrode under positive bias, and heavy metals were reduced to zero-valent particles and deposited on the electrode under negative bias, enabling metal removal and EDTA regeneration. The scaled-up process exhibited stable performance and electrode reusability. Compared with conventional methods, energy consumption per unit heavy metal removal decreased 40-79%. The findings indicate that the NADES-AACE process is an effective and sustainable method for LPM heavy metal control and safe utilization.

The wide application of polyethylene has brought about major challenges in waste polyethylene plastics management. Catalytic cracking of waste polyethylene on zeolite-based composite catalysts is one of the most promising chemical recycling strategies, which can convert polyethylene into fuels and valuable chemicals such as light olefins and aromatics. Although numerous studies have been conducted to regulate product distribution by designing different zeolite structures, the structure-performance relationship between zeolite-based composite catalysts structure and reaction performance (activity, selectivity and stability) remains unclear. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the structural design of zeolite-based composite materials for the catalytic cracking of polyethylene, and elaborates on the influence of the carrier zeolites (pore structure, morphology, acidity) and zeolite-based composite catalysts on the reaction pathways and product selectivity. This provides a theoretical basis and directional guidance for the enhancement of polyethylene catalytic cracking technologies.

With the rapid development of the fluorine chemical industry, it's significant to manage and utilize by-product fluoride-containing hydrochloric acid. In this study, an acid-resistant and high-efficiency polypyrrole/calcined nanosized ZrO2 (PPy/NZO) nanocomposite was fabricated using co-precipitation, calcination and in-situ oxidation method. Calcination significantly enhanced the stability of ZrO2in hydrochloric acid. The sample calcined at 300 degrees C exhibited the highest defluoridation performance, reaching 167.01 mg/g at 303.15 K. The fluoride adsorption capacity decreased with increasing calcination temperature from 300 to 500 degrees C. The adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic investigations demonstrated that defluoridation process by PPy/NZO was spontaneous, exothermic, and associated with an enhancement in entropy. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was elucidated through XPS and FTIR techniques, which revealed that PPy/NZO captures fluoride through ligand exchange, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction. DFT calculations further confirmed the adsorbent's superior selectivity for fluoride in hydrochloric acid. Finally, continuous fixed-bed tests and the cost analysis indicated that PPy/NZO is an efficient and economic fluoride adsorbent, with promising applications for defluoridation of industrial-scale hydrochloric acid.

Most conventional organic coating resins typically have single anticorrosion function and additive bactericides are often needed to improve their antibacterial properties. In this paper, a waterborne acrylic coating (fluorinesilicon/N + polyacrylate) with the chemically bonded antibacterial constitutional units have been successfully synthesized via simple soap free emulsion polymerization. The results showed that the antibacterial rate of fluorine-silicon/N + polyacrylate coating against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 99.99 % and 99.08 %, respectively. In addition, the low frequency impedance model value of coatings (at 0.01 Hz) maintained above 10 9 Omega cm 2 during 10 d immersion in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Thus, the fluorine-silicon/N + polyacrylate coating possesses good antibacterial and anticorrosion performances.

Flexible pressure sensors are crucial in a variety of applications, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and electronic skin (e-Skin), due to their ability to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. However, achieving both high sensitivity and a wide detection range simultaneously remains challenging, often limiting their practical applications. To address this, we designed a three-dimensional contact interface with Ti3C2 MXene/polydimethylsiloxane (MP) inspired by rose petals, which allows for significant strain and resistance changes across a broad range of stress levels. The innovative design significantly extends the pressure detection range (0.033-535 kPa), enhances pressure sensitivity (0.432 kPa(-1)), offers a fast response/ recovery times (57/4 ms), and ensures exceptional long-term durability (up to 2950 cycles). The structured MP sensor demonstrates the capability to detect human physiological movements, distinguish various voices and map real-time pressure distributions. Notably, it achieves real-time tracking of handwriting processes with high recognition accuracy through a machine learning module. The work offers a new strategy and inspiration for designing and manufacturing innovative structured pressure sensors with reliable performance, paving the way for their application in next-generation wearable and portable electronics.

A series of Pt–Pd bimetallic catalysts supported on CeO2–ZrO2–La2O3 mixed oxides were synthesized through the conventional impregnation method. Three-way catalytic performance evaluations along with detailed physio-chemical characterizations were carried out to establish possible structure–activity correlations. Results show that on the one hand, different Pt/Pd ratios can strongly affect the TWC behaviors of Pt–Pd/CZL catalysts by modulating the synergistic effect between Pt and Pd. On the other hand, higher Pt/Pd ratio also favors better dispersion of precious metals. Such improved precious metals (PM) dispersion can promote the metal-support interaction and increase the surface oxygen vacancies concentration, thereby raising the dynamic oxygen storage/release capacity, improving the redox ability as well as enhancing the thermal stability of the Pt–Pd/CZL catalyst. Moreover, the strong metal-support interaction can augment surface oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby benefiting low temperature CO and NO reaction via augmented NOx adsorption and nitrate conversion.

The use of waterborne acrylic coatings in anticorrosion applications is challenging owing to the existence of numerous hydrophilic carboxyl groups. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a facile method of preparing waterborne acrylic anticorrosive coating. Specifically, a waterborne hydrophobic acrylic resin (PFSA) with 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltris(trimethylsilyloxy) silane (M3T) and 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate (FMA) as hydrophobic monomers was synthesised via semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerisation. Owing to the substantial influence of the acrylic acid (AA) content on the polymerisation stability, the effect of the AA amount on the emulsion polymerisation process and surface properties of the PFSA film were assessed, where the M3T/FMA mass ratio was set to 4.47. The latex particles were proven to have a core-shell structure using transmission electron microscopy. When the AA content was 2.75 wt%, the water contact angle of the obtained PFSA-2 film reached 103.2 degrees, and the emulsion coagulum was only 0.66%. Thereafter, CPFSA coatings (namely, CPFSA-1, CPFSA-2, and CPFSA-3) were obtained by mixing PFSA-2 with different proportions of trimethylolpropane-tris-(beta-N-aziridinyl) propionate (XR-100; 2, 4, and 6 wt%). Similarly, CPFSA@PTFE coatings (namely, CPFSA-1 @PTFE, CPFSA-2 @PTFE and CPFSA-3 @PTFE) were prepared by mixing CPFSA with 2 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The cross-linking between PFSA and XR-100 reduced the water absorption rate and strengthened the coating hardness, adhesion, and compactness, despite a slight decrease in thermal stability. The addition of PTFE to the CPFSA further improved the film hydrophobicity, smoothness and they all exhibited excellent mechanical durability. Most importantly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the corrosion resistances of the investigated coatings used as the topcoats in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution followed the order CPFSA@PTFE > CPFSA > PFSA-2 > Bare epoxy. Especially for the CPFSA-2 @PTFE coating, |Z|(0.01 Hz) was 2.182 x 10(10) omega cm(-2) even after 15 days of immersion.

Antibacterial superamphiphilic materials with green and facile preparation process have attracted extensive attention in oil/water separation. Herein, an antibacterial waterborne polyacrylate (AWBPA) composed of [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) and basic acrylate monomers has been suc-cessfully developed using the emulsion polymerization method and water as the sole solvent. By sequentially simple dip-coating of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and AWBPA, the polyester fabric can be endowed with the superamphiphilic and antibacterial properties. By prewetting with water/oil, the modified fabric holds under-water superoleophobicity/underoil superhydrophobicity, and can be used for continuous separation of light oil/ water, heavy oil/water and light oil/water/heavy oil mixtures. Importantly, these modified fabrics have high antibacterial activity (99.3 +/- 0.2 %), and can maintain its underwater superoleophobicity and underoil super -hydrophobicity even after immersion in corrosive solution for 15 d, 100 g sand impact and 200-cycle adhesive tape-peeling, and are suitable for practical large-scale production applications.

CeO 2 –ZrO 2 mixed oxides with controlled morphologies（i.e., nanorod, nano-polyhedral and disordered shape）were synthesized through either hydrothermal or coprecipitation method, and the corresponding supported Pd/CeO 2 –ZrO 2 catalysts were also prepared by conventional impregnation. The obtained catalysts were subjected to systematic structural/physio-chemical characterizations as well as three-way catalytic performance evaluations.The results showed that CeO 2 –ZrO 2 mixed oxides presented different exposed crystal planes: namely disordered CZ-di mainly exposed（111） crystal planes, nanorod CZ-ro mainly exposed（111） crystal planes and few（100）crystal planes, while nano-polyhedral CZ-po exposed both（111） and（100） crystal planes. Clear structure-activity relationship could be demonstrated between the TWC（Three-way catalysts） performance of Pd/CeO 2 –ZrO 2 and such different microstructures, as（100） and（111） crystal planes exposed by CZ-ro and CZ-po were beneficial for the surface oxygen vacancies formation, thus increasing the Pd-support interaction and effectively decreasing the light-off temperature of HC and NO elimination. On the other hand, the disordered CZ-di retained more lattice oxygen content, leading to better catalytic activity of CO elimination for the corresponding Pd/CZ-di catalyst.

The bimetallic catalysts show the alloy structure and the surplus precious metals presented as isolated PMOx species.

(Ce,Zr,La)O2 (CZL) mixed oxide-supported rhodium (Rh) catalysts were prepared by in situ synthesis method. Characterizations were adopted to investigate the relation of structure and metal-support interaction with catalytic behavior of catalysts. The results demonstrate that appropriate Ce/Zr ratio (2/1~1/4) could help to form more homogenous CZL ternary solid solution and promote the formation of more oxygen vacancies and defects (the lattice defects resulting from lattice distortion) in CZL supports, and thereby enhance oxygen storage/release performance. Meanwhile, it strongly affects the interaction between RhOx and CZL supports, which promotes the formation of more active Rh species (Rh0 + Rh3+) and the reduction of the oxygen species in Rh–Ce interface, leading to the enhancement of catalytic performance for HC, CO, and NOx eliminations. Rh/CZL-12 shows the best catalytic activity for HC and NOx eliminations. It could be attributed to the enhanced activation and oxygen mobility of lattice oxygen, which is verified by the results of DOSC measurement.

Rh/(Ce,Zr,La)O2 (CZL) catalysts with different Ce/Zr molar ratios of 1:0, 8:1, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 0:1 were prepared. The relationship of microstructure, dynamic oxygen mobility and the redox properties with catalytic activity for HC, CO and NOx eliminations were investigated. The results demonstrate that CZL mixed oxide with Ce/Zr ratio of 1:1 exhibits the largest OSC values as 904.3 umol·g-1 and structural defects. The increase of oxygen vacancies and structural defects would promote the interaction between Rh species and CZL mixed oxides, which further promotes the stabilization of RhOx particles and enhances the oxygen storage/release ability. Rh/CZLx catalysts with Ce/Zr molar ratio of 1:1-1:4 exhibit better catalytic activity and wider dynamic operation window due to their higher DOSC.

The physicochemical properties of Pt-, Pd- and Rh- loaded (Ce,Zr,La)O2 (shorted for CZL) catalysts before/after aging treatment were systematically characterized by various techniques to illustrate the relationship of the dynamic oxygen storage/release capacity and redox ability with their catalytic performances for HC, NOx and CO conversions. Pt/CZL catalyst exhibits the optimum catalytic performance for HC and NOx elimination, which mainly contribute to its excellent redox ability and dynamic oxygen storage/release capacity (DOSC) at lower temperature due to the stronger PM (precious metals)-support interaction. However, the worse stability of Pt-O-Ce species and volatile Pt oxides easily result in the dramatical decline in catalytic activity after aging. Pd/CZL shows higher catalytic activity for CO conversion by reason of more Olatt species as the active oxygen for CO oxidation reaction. Rh/CZL catalyst displays the widest dynamic operation window for NOx elimination as a result of greater oxygen mobility at high temperature, and the ability to retain more Rh-O-Ce species after calcined at 1100°C effectively restrains sintering of active RhOx species, improving the thermal stability of Rh/CZL catalyst.

Four CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides with different morphologies were synthesized using hydrothermal (polyhedra, rods and plates) and coprecipitation method (disordered). Detail structural/physio-chemical characterizations, catalytic activity measurements as well as in situ DRIFTS were conducted on the obtained ceria-zirconia as well as its supported Rh-only TWCs. The CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides present different exposed crystal planes and the catalytic performance of Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 is closely related to such different microstructures. Polyhedra shaped CeO2-ZrO2 exhibits increased lattice micro-strain originated from lattice distortion and defects, which can promote the mobility of bulk oxygen species to the surface, resulting in better three-way performance. Disordered Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst with high surface area and OSC shows wider static operation window, but the surface rhodium species tend to exist as Rh4+ with low redox ability which not favorable for the redox reactions. Besides, the lack of intermediate Rh-(NO)2 and Rh-CN species over disordered Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 based on in situ DRIFTS further reveals its unsatisfactory performance for NOx conversion.

Pd/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 catalyst was pretreated in different atmosphere respectively, and characterized by CO chemical adsorption, XPS, HR-TEM, H2-TPR, Raman, OSC and in situ DRIFTs to investigate the effect of the structure properties of PdOx species on the catalytic performance for CO, HC and NOx elimination. The results show that Pd/CZ catalyst pretreated in air atmosphere has higher oxidation activity of HC due to having high Pd dispersion and strong interaction between PdOx and CZ support. Pd/CZ-H catalyst pretreated in reducing atmosphere exhibits better catalytic performance of NOx elimination because of having relatively big Pd particle size, more Pd species in metallic state and higher concentration of oxygen vacancies. While for the Pd/CZ-RG catalyst pretreated in reactant atmosphere, strong adsorption of HC species on the surface of catalysts would lead to a part of active sites being covered, which inhibits HC and NO conversions.

Reaction pathways and specific mechanism of NO removal by non-thermal plasma (NTP) were for the first time investigated via FT-IR measurements. It was found that NO removal was attributed to a co-effect of N and O radicals but centered on the latter, and only O radical worked for NO oxidizing to NO2, since O3 can't be obtained under the lock of fast NOx reaction. O2 content regulated reaction behaviors that reduction pathways was dominating when O2 content was <4% while oxidation pathways under 4–21%. NO was mainly oxidized to NO2 when in O2 content of 4% to 10%, thanks to fast NOx reaction. While under other O2 content, fast NOx reaction was broken and NO would be further oxidized to N2O5 and HNO3 totally, followed by the generation of O3 from background. NO and NO2 would be obtained again from background reactions when high O2 content under high SIE, along with disappearance of O3. Furthermore, the electrode temperature (>30 °C) and the addition of flue gas components like H2O, CO and CO2 showed negative effects on NO removal, while HCl were on the contrary. SO2 revealed nearly no influence.

α-, β-, γ- and δ-MnO2 catalysts were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, and were utilized for the catalytic oxidation of toluene in a combined plasma-catalytic process. The relationship between catalytic performance and MnO2 crystal structures was investigated. It was noted that the toluene removal efficiency was 32.5% at the specific input energy of 160 J/L when non-thermal plasma was used alone. The α-MnO2 catalyst showed the best activity among the investigated catalysts, yielding a toluene conversion of 78.1% at the specific input energy of 160 J/L. For β-MnO2, γ-MnO2 and δ-MnO2, removal efficiencies of 47.4%, 66.1% and 50.0%, respectively, were achieved. By powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, H2 temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, it was concluded that the tunnel structure, the stability of the crystal in plasma, the Mn–O bond strength of MnO2 and the surface-chemisorbed oxygen species played important roles in the plasma-catalytic degradation of toluene. Additionally, the degradation routes of toluene in non-thermal plasma and in the plasma-catalytic process were also studied. It was concluded that the introduction of MnO2 catalysts enabled O3, O2, electrons and radical species in the gas to be adsorbed on the MnO2 surface via a facile interconversion among the Mn4+, Mn3+ and Mn2+ states. These four species could then be transported to the toluene or intermediate organic by-products, which greatly improved the toluene removal efficiency and decreased the final output of by-products.

Four different synthetic routes (co-precipitation, oxidation-precipitation, citric acid sol-gel and reversed microemulsion) are adopted to prepare barium modified Pd/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts and their catalytic activity towards CO, HC and NOx conversions is studied. The surface and bulk properties of these catalysts are characterized via XRD, N2 adsorption, XPS, UV-Raman, H2-TPR, and in situ DRIFTS. The catalyst prepared via the co-precipitation method exhibits the optimum three-way catalytic behavior, which is mainly due to its superior redox ability, whereas the oxidation-precipitation synthesis renders the catalyst with the best homogeneity and thermal resistance. However, for the catalyst prepared via the sol-gel route, its worst NOx reduction capacity is verified by the scarce appearance of negatively charged Pd0-N[double bond, length as m-dash]Oδ- species, which is related to the faster dissociation of NO based on in situ DRIFTS, and the abundance of surface CO-Pd+ species reveals its unsatisfactory deep oxidizability of the HC reactant.

Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) has been widely accepted for the treatment for gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of abdominal shape parameters on gastric antrum cancer patients’ short-term surgical outcomes of LADG with D2 lymph node dissection in both genders, including the number of lymph nodes retrieved and surgical safety index.