Melophagus ovinus disease is a common ectoparasitosis, which can lead to a decrease in animal production performance, product quality, and even death. Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. has many pharmacological activities including insecticidal, heat-clearing, analgesic, and dehumidifying. However, there are few researches focused on the effects and related mechanism of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. in killing Melophagus ovinus . In this study, 11 alkaloids of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. were detected, and its total alkaloid activity was determined. The results showed when the total alkaloid concentration was 64 mg/ml and the treatment time was 16 h, the killing rate of Melophagus ovinus reached 100%. Through the observation of the differences in the surface of Melophagus ovinus in each experimental group, it was found that the morphology of the posterior end of the female Melophagus ovinus in the alkaloid treatment group was significantly different from that of the blank and positive control groups, and most of the epidermal tissue was obsessive and missing. Moreover, the enzyme activity determination results of 64 mg/ml group were significantly different when compared with the normal control group, while there was no significant difference in other groups. Then, the Melophagus ovinus gene library was established by the unreferenced genome transcriptome sequencing, the proteomic comparison was performed using tandem mass tag labeled protein detection technology, and finally, the samples were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem and bioinformatics methods. Based on the above experimental results, it was speculated that Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. total alkaloids may cause the imbalance of protein disulfide isomerase expressions by affecting the regulation of Hsp40 cellular protein homeostasis and the oxidation of protein disulfide isomerase and related proteins. This would affect the selective recognition of signal sequence, the targeted transport of Sec 61, and the correct folding of the three-dimensional structure of amino acid chain, weakening the clearance of amino acid chains that cannot be correctly folded and eventually resulting in the killing of Melophagus ovinus . This study preliminarily revealed the mechanism of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. total alkaloids against Melophagus ovinus and provided a theoretical basis for the screening of Melophagus ovinus action targets and the development of new veterinary drugs.

Abstract In this paper，Nostoc commune crude polysaccharide was extracted by hot water and Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, then purified by DEAE-cellulose52 cellulose column chromatography and Sephacryl G-100 gel column chromatography. Homogeneous polysaccharide HNCP3 extracted with hot water and UNCP4 extracted by ultrasound were obtained. The structures of HNCP3 and UNCP4 were characterized by molecular weight determination, infrared spectroscopy, DSC detection, sodium periodate oxidation, smith degradation reaction and methylation analysis. The conformation of the solution was studied by SEM and AFM. The results showed that the Ultrasonic-assisted extraction had an effect on the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition molar ratio and configuration of Nostoc commune. The main chains of HNCP3 and UNCP4 were mainly →6) -D-Glcp (1→ and →2,6) -D -Glcp, but there are 1,2,6-galactose branches and 2,3-Me2-D-Ara in UNCP4 and there is no HNCP3. The results of the composition of monosaccharides showed that both HNCP3 and UNCP4 have the presence of mannose. SEM and AFM showed that the structure of UNCP4 was helical, and the solution conformation of HNCP3 and UNCP4 was different in different solution environments. In experiments on the antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect of HNCP3 and UNCP4 in vitro, it was shown that UNCP4 has higher antioxidant activity scavenging ability and UNCP4 is stronger than HNCP3 inhibitory activity. Therefore, UAE increases the NCP extraction rate while also increasing the biological activity in NCP.

优化西藏三颗针中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺.采用比色法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量,以盐酸小檗碱含量为指标,分别考察pH值、稀酸浓度、溶剂温度、料液比四因素对提取分离盐酸小檗碱的影响,并结合Box-Behnken响应面分析法,优化西藏三颗针中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺.结果 表明,最佳提取工艺稀酸浓度为0.2％,pH值为10,提取温度50℃,料液比为1:8时,该工艺下盐酸小檗碱的得率最高.说明优化后的提取工艺简便可行,收率高,具有工业化生产推广价值.

The considerable day to day variability in some immunologic assays can obscure relationships among measures of interest and thereby complicate interpretation of findings when effect sizes are modest. Analysis of partial variance (APV) is a technique that utilizes data obtained from controls run in the laboratory on the day of each assay to control for day to day variance statistically. The application of this technique to permit detection of otherwise obscured effects for both larger and smaller samples is exemplified utilizing data from two studies in which subjects were assessed on multiple different dates. These included a study of the association of depression with in vitro immune measures in 296 adolescents and a longitudinal study of 20 spouses of patients admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit studied together with 20 matched controls. APV was most useful in analyses of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation assays, which had considerable day to day variability. In general, multivariate studies with functional immune measures may benefit most from application of this technique.