The R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating plant secondary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, yet they are still poorly understood in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), a valuable minor grain crop resource. In this study, a candidate gene, FeR2R3-MYB, was cloned from the anthocyanin-rich common buckwheat variety 'QZZTQ'. FeR2R3-MYB was found to contain two MYB DNA-binding domains and be located at the nucleus with transcriptional activation activity. Molecular analysis indicated that FeR2R3-MYB is predominantly expressed in flowering tissue and is highly responsive to environmental factors such as light, drought, and cold. In addition, the promoter of FeR2R3-MYB showed a positive correlation with fragment length. Further functional analysis suggested that FeR2R3-MYB not only participates in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway by interacting with leucoanthocyanidin reductase (FeLAR), but also enhances drought tolerance in common buckwheat. To sum up, FeR2R3-MYB exhibits positive effects on both pigment production (e.g., anthocyanin) and abiotic stress resistance, providing valuable insights for future research in buckwheat molecular breeding and resource development.

Background Waterlogging stress (WS) negatively impacts crop growth and productivity, making it important to understand crop resistance processes and discover useful WS resistance genes. In this study, rye cultivars and wild rye species were subjected to 12-day WS treatment, and the cultivar Secale cereale L. Imperil showed higher tolerance. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on this cultivar to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (DE-mRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs) involved in WS response. Results Among the 6 species, Secale cereale L. Imperil showed higher tolerance than wild rye species against WS. The cultivar effectively mitigated oxidative stress, and regulated hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. A total of 728 DE-mRNAs and 60 DE-lncRNAs were discovered. Among these, 318 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-lncRNAs were upregulated, and 410 DE-mRNAs and 28 DE-lncRNAs were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis discovered metabolic processes, cellular processes, and single-organism processes as enriched biological processes (BP). For cellular components (CC), the enriched terms were membrane, membrane part, cell, and cell part. Enriched molecular functions (MF) terms were catalytic activity, binding, and transporter activity. LncRNA and mRNA regulatory processes were mainly related to MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ABC transporter, Cytochrome b6/f complex, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. The signalling of ethylene-related pathways was not mainly dependent on AP2/ERF and WRKY transcription factors (TF), but on other factors. Photosynthetic activity was active, and carotenoid levels increased in rye under WS. Sphingolipids, the cytochrome b6/f complex, and glutamate are involved in rye WS response. Sucrose transportation was not significantly inhibited, and sucrose breakdown occurs in rye under WS. Conclusions This study investigated the expression levels and regulatory functions of mRNAs and lncRNAs in 12-day waterlogged rye seedlings. The findings shed light on the genes that play a significant role in rye ability to withstand WS. The findings from this study will serve as a foundation for further investigations into the mRNA and lncRNA WS responses in rye.

TCP is a plant-specific transcription factor that plays crucial roles in plant growth and development.In this study,bioinformatics methods were used to identify the complete genome of tartary buckwheat TCP family,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis was conducted to investigate the expression characteristics of TCP gene under drought and salt stresses.The results were as follows:(1)A total of 28 TCP family members were identified in the tartary buckwheat genome,unevenly distributed across its eight chromosomes.(2)Most tartary buckwheat TCP genes contained 1-5 exons.(3)Phylogenetic analysis classified the tartary buckwheat TCP family into five clades,with intraspecific TCP proteins mainly clustering together.(4)Collinearity analysis indicated that there were five tartary buckwheat TCP genes originated from genome-wide replication events.(5)Cis-element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of tartary buckwheat TCP genes predominantly contained two types of cis-response elements as stress response elements and hormone response elements.(6)Transcriptomic data analysis demonstrated that all tartary buckwheat TCP genes were expressed in the examined tissues.(7)qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of FtTCP3,FtTCP6,FtTCP12,and FtTCP13 changed under drought stress and salt stress conditions,with FtTCP3 peaking at 6 h of drought and salt treatments,suggesting that it plays a positive regulatory role in tartary buckwheat's response to drought stress and salt stress.This study provides new insights into the evolution and function of the TCP gene family,and provides a reference for the functional exploration and utilization of the tartary buckwheat TCP gene family.

MYB is a common transcription factors widely involved in the regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis. In order to explore the regulatory role of MYB transcription factors in the biosynthesis of common buckwheat anthocyanidins, we screened and cloned a MYB gene associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis from the transcriptomic data of common buckwheat varieties of safflower common buckwheat and Beizaosheng, and named it FeR2R3-MYB, GenBank login number was MT151381.1. The sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression characteristics of FeR2R3-MYB gene in Beizaosheng and safflower common buckwheat. The results were as follows: (1) FeR2R3-MYB gene was 831 bp in total length, encoding 276 amino acids. The relative molecular mass of the protein was 30.95 kD, the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 8.73, and the instability index of the protein was 69.64, which belonged to the unstable protein. The total hydrophobic value was -0.679, and the whole peptide chain showed hydrophilic characteristics. (2) FeR2R3-MYB had a typical R2R3-MYB domain and belonged to the R2R3-MYB subfamily. (3) FeR2R3-MYB was closely related to common buckwheat and knotweed, belonging to the same family. (4) The promoter sequence of FeR2R3-MYB contained a total of nine light corresponding elements, 12 transcription factor binding sites, four abiotic corresponding elements and two hormone response elements. (5) Subcellular localization found that FeR2R3-MYB was only expressed in the nucleus. (6) The expression of FeR2R3-MYB gene of safflower common buckwheat was higher than that of Beizaosheng in leaves and inflorescences, and it was further speculated that FeR2R3-MYB gene could positively regulate the biosynthesis of common buckwheat anthocyanin. In summary, these results lay a foundation for further deepening the research on the function and expression regulation of FeR2R3-MYB gene in the biosynthetic pathway of common buckwheat anthocyanin.

SGT1（Suppressor of the G2 Allele of skP1） is an inhibitor of skp1-4, which plays an important role in the abiotic stress response of plants. Based on the early transcriptomics and proteinomics analyses of common buckwheat under drought stress, a FeSGT1 gene was screened and cloned, which contained a 1086 bp open reading frame encoding 361 amino acids and 3 domains including TPR, CS, and SGS. Homologous protein comparison showed that Fe SGT1 was closely related to CqSGT1（XP＿021726759.1）, BvSGT1（XP＿010671588.1）, and SoSGT1（XP＿021839743.1）. Besides, FeSGT1 gene encoded membrane localization protein. The relative expression levels revealed that FeSGT1 tended to be up-regulated within 24 hours of drought stress. The expression of FeSGT1 gene peaked at 12 hours and began to decline after 24 hours under salt, low temperature（4℃）,and ABA treatments. Overexpression of FeSGT1 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis not only conferred drought and salt tolerance, but also significantly increased root length, fresh weight, and survival rate compared with the wild type（WT） plant, accompanied by the elevated activities of catalase（CAT）, the lowered malonaldehyde（MDA） and H2O2 contents, thus allowing plants to better adapt to adverse environments. Our results provided information in the exploring of the molecular regulation mechanism responding to drought tolerance in common buckwheat.

为了探究甜荞FeHSP83基因在干旱和盐胁迫下的表达模式,本研究采用'西农9976'为试验材料,通过15％PEG 6000溶液和0.1％NaCl溶液对荞麦幼苗进行胁迫处理.通过RT-PCR的方法,鉴定获得FeHSP83,该基因开放阅读框2100 bp,编码704个氨基酸,预测其相对分子质量为80.97 kDa,理论等电点为4.96,具有较强亲水性.同源性分析结果显示,该基因与藜麦、甜菜亲缘关系较近,同源性达到97.06％.采用qRT-PCR的方法,对干旱和盐胁迫下FeHSP83基因在叶和根中的表达水平进行分析.结果显示,在干旱胁迫条件下,FeHSP83在甜荞根部的表达量持续上升,到48 h达到最大值,增加范围为1.03～10.20;叶的表达量呈先升后降的趋势;而在盐胁迫条件下,FeH-SP83在植株叶部的响应较为明显,增加范围为1.07～6.24,在12 h时表达量达到最高;根部的表达量在3 h时迅速升高,随后缓慢下降.结果表明,FeHSP83基因在干旱和盐胁迫条件下能够快速响应胁迫,且在根和叶不同器官中的表达存在差异.预测FeHSP83基因在甜荞抗旱中起到一定作用.