Background With the growing problem of obesity, the demand for bariatric surgery has increased these years. Patients still need to maintain good living habits after surgery to consolidate the weight loss effects. While the behavioral guidelines are relatively mature, patient's behavioral compliance is not ideal, resulting in a high rate of postoperative weight regain. In that case, we can depend on strategies to promote dietary and physical activity behaviors in patients from the cognitive perspective. Objective To systematically code and merge the dietary and physical activity behavior promotion strategies after bariatric surgery from the cognitive perspective. Methods In June 2022, the WHITTEMORE and KNAFL's integrative review methodology was used. Studies written in English related to dietary and physical activity behavior promotion strategies after bariatric surgery were searched in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL, and those in Chinese were searched in databases of CNKI and Wanfang Data from January 1994 to June 2022. The 2016 version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included, and the strategies extracted from which were uniformly coded and merged according to the CALO-RE taxonomy. Results A total of 25 studies were included, including 17 randomized controlled trials, 4 observational studies, and 4 reviews. After coding, all strategies were covered by CALO-RE taxonomy, involving 25 kinds, mainly including self-monitoring of behavior, social support, goal setting, identifying barriers/problem resolution, etc. A total of 46 strategies were obtained and used to create a strategy set named "promotion strategies of dietary and physical activity behaviors after bariatric surgery". Conclusion Through the application of the integrative review methodology and the guidance of CALO-RE taxonomy, this study systematically coded and merge the dietary and physical activity behavior promotion strategies from the cognitive perspective for applicable to patients after bariatric surgery, providing a reservoir of techniques for postoperative behavioural management. After assessing patients' behavioural levels and cognitive factors, bariatric surgery providers can select appropriate strategies to improve patients' behavioural compliance. This strategy set can be further validated and optimised in future empirical studies.

Background Frailty can increase the risk of negative health-related outcomes in older adults. Protein supplementation may be an effective way to improve frailty,but there is disagreement about its effects on frailty. Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of protein supplementation on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in frail/prefrail older adults. Methods Electronic databases of CNKI,Wanfang Data,CQVIP,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL and Medline were retrieved for randomized controlled trials（RCTs）of the effects of protein supplementation on muscle mass,strength and physical function in frail/pre-frail older adults published from inception to June 2022. After literature screening,the quality of eligible RCTs was evaluated,and from which relevant data were extracted. RevMan 5.4 was performed to explore the effects of protein supplementation on muscle mass,muscle strength and physical function in frail/pre-frail older adults. And for the outcome indicator of muscle strength（grip strength）,due to large amount of reported literature,this study will be based on the amount of protein supplementation（＜30 g/d subgroup and ≥ 30 g/d subgroup）,frailty status（pre-frailty subgroup,frailty subgroup,frailty and pre-frailty subgroup）,frailty assessment tool [frailty phenotype assessment tool（FP） subgroup and non-FP subgroup],population（Asian subgroup and European subgroup）,and mean age（70-＜75 years subgroup,75-＜80 years subgroup,and 80-＜85 years subgroup） for subgroup analysis to further explore the effect of protein supplementation on grip strength in different subgroups. Results A total of 12 RCTs were included（2 literatures for pre-frailty,3 literatures for frailty,7 literatures for frailty and pre-frailty）,with a total of 833 older adults（422 in the protein supplementation group and 411 in the control group）. Meta-analysis results showed that protein supplementation improved gait speed in frail/pre-frail older adults[MD=0.03,95%CI（0,0.06）,P=0.05],but in improving muscle mass（appendicular lean mass）,muscle strength（grip strength）,other physical functions（assessment results of balance test,the timed up and go test,Short Physical Performance Battery）and frailty scores,the differences were not statistically significant（P＞0.05）. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the effect of protein supplementation on the grip strength of the Asian population subgroup was significantly different from that of the European population subgroup in between-group comparisons（χ~2=5.76,P=0.02）. Conclusion Protein supplementation may improve gait speed in frail/pre-frail older adults,but it does not show a significant advantage in improving their muscle mass,muscle strength and other physical functions. It is recommended to further investigate the effects of longer durations of supplementation,different types of protein supplemented,different amounts of supplementation and different regional populations on older adults with different frailty states,in order to find the best pattern of protein supplementation and provide a more sufficient evidence-based basis for frailty management.

背景　衰弱在肿瘤患者中高发，严重影响患者的预后恢复。 目的　通过Meta分析明确肿瘤患者衰弱影响因素，为后期肿瘤患者衰弱干预方案的设计及实施提供科学依据。方法　全面系统检索从建库至 2022 年 8 月中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library 、CINAHL、Embase数据库，纳入关于肿瘤患者衰弱影响因素的研究。筛选文献，对符合纳排标准的文献进行质量评价、数据提取，采用Stata17.0和RevMan 5.4 软件进行 Meta 分析。结果　共纳入 11篇文献，其中 9篇横断面研究，2篇队列研究，包括 2898 例肿瘤患者，其中衰弱患者1025例，涉及影响因素12个。Meta 分析结果显示，肿瘤患者衰弱的平均发生率为34%，其影响因素为年龄〔OR=1.16，95%CI（1.05，1.27），P=0.002〕、文化程度〔OR=0.78，95%CI（0.68，0.90），P=0.003〕、合并其他疾病〔OR=1.46，95%CI（1.28，1.67），P<0.001〕、身体质量指数（BMI）〔OR=1.13，95%CI（1.05，1.21），P<0.001〕、白蛋白〔OR=0.33，95%CI（0.12，0.90），P=0.03〕、营养状况〔OR=2.77，95%CI（1.27，6.06），P=0.01〕、症状群〔OR=1.07，95%CI（1.04，1.09），P<0.001〕，抑郁〔OR=1.27，95%CI（1.12，1.44），P<0.001〕、工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）〔OR=0.50，95%CI（0.42，0.59），P<0.001〕，而性别〔OR=0.81，95%CI（0.54，1.21），P=0.30〕、婚姻状况〔OR=0.21，95%CI（0.02，2.31），P=0.20〕以及血红蛋白〔OR=0.51，95%CI（0.22，1.22），P=0.13〕与肿瘤患者衰弱无关。结论　现有meta结果表明年龄、文化程度、合并其他疾病、BMI、白蛋白、营养状况、症状群、抑郁、IADL是肿瘤患者发生衰弱的影响因素。高龄、文化程度低、合并及其疾病、BMI高、白蛋白水平＜35 g/L，营养状况差、伴有症状群、有抑郁情绪以及日常生活活动能力低下的肿瘤患者是我们需要关注的重点人群。

综述移动医疗在消化道肿瘤病人延续护理中的应用研究现状、现存的问题,以期为移动医疗在消化道肿瘤延续护理中的广泛应用提供参考.