Elevator safety is closely related to public safety. Overspeed governor is a crucial part of the elevator safety system. Its inspection and calibration involve the measurement of tripping velocity. The frequently-used contact-type measurement method has risks. This paper proposes a non-contact image-recognizing measurement method by the camera, which includes the processes of rotor centre recognition, feature points matching, and tripping switches recognition. The velocity curve can be obtained by feature points displacement based on the rotor centre. Tripping switches recognition can determine the electrical and mechanical tripping velocities in the speed curve. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has no significant difference from the common contact-type measurement method, while it significantly eliminates the risks of physical damage and improves measurement safety. Moreover, this paper proposes the deduction and calculation of measurement uncertainty decided by camera performance. Due to the enhancement of measuring safety, the proposed method will have further application in the field of elevator inspection. Practical application: The research on tripping velocity measurement for overspeed governor in this paper is principally based on image recognition with the help of a camera. The experiment result indicates that the proposed method is capable of completing the speed measurement for the overspeed governor without contact. The proposed method significantly mitigates the risks of physical damage and improves measurement safety rather than the contact-type measurement method. The proposed non-contact image-recognizing method can substitute for the existing contact-type method and contributes to the inspection, maintenance, and management of elevators, which will have further application prospects.

根据某市2006—2020年电梯安全事故调查报告,分析了事故数量、事故伤亡情况变化趋势,事故发生环节特征,事故种类及特征,阐述了强化安全管理和自身安全意识的重要性.之后探讨了电梯事故与电梯检验检测项目的相关性,对事故中多次涉及的电梯检验检测项目及类别,分析了事故原因和风险点,以提醒相关环节采取预防措施.

在电梯的安全校验中,限速器校验是重要的一环,包括对电气动作和机械动作速度的校验.传统校验方法为接触式,存在不可避免的安全隐患.为解决该问题,提出了基于Hough变换与ORB算法的电梯限速器动作速度校验方法.首先通过Hough变换确定限速器的中心点,作为后续过程中的基准点;然后通过ORB方法在相邻帧图像上找到同一特征点,从而计算转速;最后对电气开关与机械开关进行识别检测,提取出电气动作与机械动作对应拍摄帧,从而得出电气动作与机械动作速度.该校验方法可安全、准确地测量电梯限速器动作速度,从而实现对电梯限速器的非接触式校验.

The rated load capacity, counterweight and no-load car weight of the elevator are the technical basis for calculating the balance coefficient. The balance coefficient of the elevator is obtained by dividing the difference between the total weight of the counterweight device and the no-load car by the rated load capacity of the elevator. According to the requirements of GB7588-2003, the balance coefficient of traction driven elevator shall be in the range of 0.4-0.5. After the installation of the elevator, the balance coefficient will be tested. The current inspection specification TSG T7001-2009 stipulates that the balance coefficient test method is mainly through the current load curve method. This method needs to carry the weight repeatedly, measure the change of motor current, and obtain the specific value of balance coefficient by fitting the current and load curve. However, this method has high labor intensity and long operation time, requires frequent handling of weights and high labor intensity for operators. Therefore, in this paper, a weight cart for elevator balance coefficient test is designed, which can solve the technical problem of moving weights frequently.

Guide shoe is an important component of elevator. It can fix the car on the guide rail so that the car can only move up and down. There is also an oil cup on the upper part of the guide shoe, which is mainly used to reduce the friction between the shoe lining and the guide rail. Each elevator car is equipped with four sets of guide shoes, which are installed on both sides of the upper beam and under the safety gear seat at the bottom of the car, and four sets of counterweight guide shoes are installed at the bottom and upper part of the counterweight beam. The guide shoe fixed on the car can move back and forth along the fixed guide rail installed on the wall of the building shaft to prevent the car from deflecting or swinging during operation. Among them, the sliding friction method is adopted between the nylon block and the guide rail, so the nylon block is an easily worn part. Over time, the gap between the nylon block and the guide rail will increase and need to be replaced. Because the elevator guide shoe used now is an integrated design, the design between the nylon block and the fixed support is inseparable. Therefore, the nylon block cannot be replaced separately inside the elevator, but it is troublesome if the whole guide shoe is removed for replacement. This paper studies a kind of elevator guide shoe with fast replacement speed and low cost.

In this paper, a speed measuring device for escalator handrail is designed, which can be quickly installed on the dado of escalator. When the wall panel is FRP, it can be installed directly by vacuum adsorption. When the protective wall panel cannot be installed by vacuum adsorption, it can be clamped and fixed by auxiliary support. When the mounting plate is fixed to the protective wall plate of the escalator, the speed measuring roller can be contacted or separated from the upper surface of the handrail by adjusting the vertical height of the sliding plate. The vacuum suction cup is flattened under the suction state, with good adsorption effect, safety and reliability. When it needs to be released, it only needs to loosen the sealing cover.

Elevator is an important transportation method for people in their daily life. The oil cup of the elevator guide rail is used to apply lubricating oil to the guide rail. The position of the oil cup relative to the guide rail always changes during operation. The oil brush on one side of the oil brush will be seriously worn. This article designs an automatically adjustable oil cup for elevator guide rail, which can realize even oil brushing. The oil cup designed contains oil pot, sliding base, sliding support, mounting support, cotton brush layer, brush, spring, oil pot cover, bottom support, transverse sliding rod, oil pot groove, sliding groove, sliding square rod, transverse long hole, longitudinal long hole and cotton rope. Compared with the traditional method, the device in this article has the advantages of convenient installation, high adjustability, even oil brushing, appropriate strength and so on.

电梯能量回馈技术是电梯再生能量回收利用的一种有效方法.文中阐述了电梯能量回馈装置的基本工作原理,并跟踪一个实际加装能量回馈装置的案例,分别采用模拟工况法和实际工况法对其节能情况进行测量,节电率达到了30％,具有良好的社会效益.

The elevator speed governor needs to be inspected regularly. According to the requirements, the maintenance unit of the inspected elevator shall verify the action speed of the speed governor every two years (within the service life of 15 years) or every year (over the service life of 15 years). When checking the speed governor, it is necessary to separate the steel wire rope from the speed limiting wheel, drive the speed limiting wheel to rotate through an external device, and then observe whether it is effective. In the existing means, when it is necessary to separate the steel wire rope from the speed governor, two forceps are usually used to clamp the steel wire rope respectively, and the two forceps are respectively placed on the surface of the elevator machine room. When the steel wire rope between the two forceps is long, the steel wire rope is separated from the speed governor wheel. However, this rope removal method is cumbersome and easy to pinch hands, and the pliers will also deform the steel wire rope in the clamping part. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies a rope stripping device of elevator governor, which is convenient, fast, safe and reliable.

In this paper, a camera support for detecting the gap between elevator brake wheel and brake shoe is designed, including a base, a first square tube, a second square tube, a horizontal square tube and a transverse support arranged from bottom to top. Both sides of the base are clamped and fixed with I-steel or channel steel respectively, the upper end of the second square tube is fixed with the horizontal square tube, and the lower end is sleeved in the first square tube and fixed in the vertical position through the jacking wire. The camera can be horizontally and slidably arranged in the waist hole on the horizontal square tube through the transverse moving support. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of being suitable for I-beam or channel steel with different cross-section sizes, reliable connection and positioning, meeting shooting requirements, etc.

随着电梯长时间运行,曳引轮轮槽会逐渐磨损.当磨损量达到一定程度时,会导致电梯曳引能力下降,可能发生冲顶、蹲底、溜梯等事故,因此非常有必要对曳引轮轮槽的磨损情况进行监测.鉴于此,基于图像处理技术提出了一种曳引轮轮槽磨损监测方法,并设计了工业相机支架结构.在轮槽下端未覆盖钢丝绳处安装工业相机,利用工业相机来拍摄轮槽形状,通过对大量图片的处理和分析,完成轮槽的三维重构,从而获得轮槽的磨损量,为是否更换曳引轮提供理论依据,同时为提升电梯安全性能提供技术支撑.

With the rapid development of economy, the number of high-rise buildings is increasing, people use elevators more and more frequently, maintenance work is heavy, but due to elevator design defects, illegal operation and other reasons, maintenance workers have an increasing number of elevator accidents, among which accidents caused by the accidental movement of elevator car are the most serious and frequent. When the car roof is overhauled, the elevator is in a stop operation state. Due to the failure of mechanical components or control system, the elevator car moves unexpectedly and leaves the flat floor area, which will cause damage to maintenance and inspection personnel and cause serious safety accidents. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a car lock device, which can slide up and down to prevent the car from moving accidentally, which can prevent the accidental movement of the car caused by the failure of the driving host or control system, and ensure the safety of the maintenance and inspection personnel.

When the elevator guide rail is deformed or the building body is inclined, the car will produce a certain transverse force relative to the guide rail, resulting in serious wear on one side of the guide shoe. Since the existing guide shoe is fixed, when the car generates transverse force relative to the guide rail, only the transverse position of the guide shoe relative to the car can be adjusted. However, in practical application, it is difficult for elevator maintenance personnel to find this phenomenon in time. In most cases, when it is found that one side of the guide shoe is seriously worn, the guide shoe has been worn to an unusable state. This paper introduces an elevator guide shoe with position and lateral force monitoring function. The elevator guide shoe comprises a base fixed on the elevator car, a sliding support horizontally sliding connected with the base, a nylon block fixedly connected with the sliding support and in sliding contact with the elevator guide rail, and a displacement sensor and a force sensor arranged on the base to monitor the transverse sliding distance and transverse force between the sliding support and the base. The device has the advantages of position and transverse force monitoring function, compact overall structure, no need to change the original car layout, safety and reliability.

The escalator safety brush is used on the escalators at the entrances and exits of major markets, shopping malls or subways and is installed on both sides of the lower part of the escalator to prevent potential safety hazards caused by objects or shoelaces entangled in the gap between the steps and the skirt side plate of the escalator. There is a certain gap between the steps of the escalator, and between the steps and the upper and lower stations and the surrounding skirts. Generally, the gap is no more than 4mm, but such a small gap will also pinch clothes or children's fingers and shoes and cause injury. In order to avoid the passenger's foot extending between the escalator step and the apron, in the prior art, a brush is usually installed on the apron, so that when the passenger's foot extends to the edge, it will touch the brush to remind the passenger. Since the brush is often touched by passengers or other items, it needs to be replaced regularly, and it is best to replace it quickly. In the prior art, conventional bolts are usually used to fix the brush, which will reduce the replacement efficiency of the brush. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detachable escalator brush structure in order to overcome the defects of the prior art. The structure can realize the rapid replacement of the safety brush, and the installation mode of the device is faster and more efficient than the existing screw direct installation mode. When it needs to be replaced, just loosen the jackscrew to remove the whole brush. When the installation is completed, the fixing block can be completely hidden inside the installation slot, and the brush fixing strip supports the escalator apron through the outer edge of the installation slot to make it more beautiful.

制动器作为电梯重要的安全保护装置,其制动性能直接影响电梯的安全,一旦失效将造成重大的人身伤亡和财产损失.因此,非常有必要对电梯制动器的制动性能进行检测.文中基于图像识别技术,通过对电梯制动轮轮廓进行提取和拟合,反解出相机外参矩阵,可识别制动轮当前角度,并计算出制动轮在整个制动过程中转角,从而反映电梯的制动性能.该技术使用非接触测量,无需对制动器进行破坏性改装,可用于电梯制动器制动性能的长期稳定检测.

作为电梯重要组成部分的制动器一旦发生故障,极易发生电梯冲顶或蹲底的严重事故.其中,制动轮和闸瓦之间的间隙是表征制动器是否正常工作的重要参数.本研究针对该间隙检测难题,利用工业摄像机拍摄电梯制动器工作过程中制动轮与闸瓦之间的间隙变化,基于高斯模糊处理和二值化处理方法对图像进行预处理,采用轮廓检测算法检测出制动轮和闸瓦的轮廓;采用曲率匹配的方法提取得到制动轮和闸瓦的弧形边缘;根据工业相机的内部参数和安装位置进而得到实际的间隙宽度.该方法可用于电梯制动轮与闸瓦间隙的检验检测,也可用于电梯制动器工作状况的长期远程监控,为按需维保、故障诊断、事故预测预防提供技术支持.

The gap of elevator horizontal sliding door is an important safety index of elevator. When the horizontal sliding door is applied on the most unfavorable point with an external force of 150N in the opening direction, the door gap shall not exceed 30mm. However, the manual measurement has the defect about low efficiency and accuracy. This article designs an instrument for measuring the gap of elevator door leaf in force exertion state. The instrument contains support plates, oil cylinders, scale, drive arm, handle, plunger pumps, ejector rod, positioning hole and spring. While using, the inspector inserts the instrument into the gap of the horizontal sliding door and swings the driving arm. When the second support plate is not aligned with the scale and the ejector rod slides out of the positioning hole, it indicates that the external force of 150N makes the door gap less than 30mm. The operation of the instrument is Optimized, so that single inspector can easily complete the measurement and identify the results directly. The instrument is also convenient to reset after measurement and easy to carry. The instrument has the feature of high accuracy, simple operation and well portability. The horizontal sliding door also can be avoid damaging during the measurement process.

电梯制动器故障可能会导致电梯制动轮的温升异常,利用红外热成像技术可以实现对制动轮表面温升情况的实时监测.基于红外热成像技术的电梯制动轮表面温升监测系统,利用红外热像仪和串口服务器等设备以及图像采集与传输模块、图像处理与存储模块、预警信息生成模块、用户界面显示模块,完成红外图像获取与处理、温度计算与故障预警的任务,根据制动轮温度异常的严重程度,产生3个不同等级的预警信号,相应地采用不同的故障响应机制.利用此系统可实现电梯制动轮表面温升情况的实时监测,对异常温升及时预警,保障电梯运行安全.

Elevator door system is an important part of the whole elevator. Too large blocking force and kinetic energy of the closing elevator door will cause direct impact injury to passengers. The closing stopping force of elevator landing door and car door shall not exceed 150N when measured after 1/3 of the closing trip. And the closing stroke kinetic energy of elevator landing door and car door shall not exceed 10J at the average speed. At present, there is no special scientific instrument to measure these data, and it is generally difficult to measure and verify them. Traditional method using spring scale hook may lead to several human affect factors, unscientific measurement methods and poor repeatability of measurement results. The traditional elevator door test frame is also inconvenient for installation and the result may be affected by the driving mechanism exposed. This article researches a new test frame for elevator door, which contains base, under frame, side support, slide chute, door panel, install plate, install slot, clamping force test mechanism, top frame, device mounting box, bolt, positioning frame, extension rod, inspection rack, detection slot, pressure sensor, install frame and display panel. This test frame can realize facilitate installation and disassembly of elevator door and avoid the influence to elevator door caused by the exposure of the line. This method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of elevator door detection.

Elevator is a kind of vertical transportation tool which is often used in our daily life. The performance of elevator hydraulic buffer is related to people's life safety. Aiming at the detection problem of elevator hydraulic buffer, the video analysis software based on image intelligent recognition is designed. The software can not only detect the reset time and reset distance of the hydraulic buffer, but also master the whole dynamic process of the compression and reset of the hydraulic buffer of the elevator. It has the advantages of strong versatility, high degree of intelligence, small influence of human factors in the measurement process, and the risk is free for the inspectors.