Soil fertility degradation can be attributed to a large amount of chemical fertilizer in the long term.Among them,the quality of asparagus shoots can depend mainly on the soil fertility in the process of asparagus planting.This study aims to investigate the effects of biogas slurry application with the chemical fertilizer on the soil fertility in the asparagus field.The quality of asparagus shoots was also evaluated in the same application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients.Six treatments were set,including no fertilization（CK）,conventional fertilization（NPK）,the total nitrogen of biogas slurry replaced 25%,50%,75%,and 100% of the total nitrogen application amount of chemical fertilizer（25%NP 1 K 1 Z 1 ,50%NP 2 K 2 Z 2 ,75% NP 3 K 3 Z 3 ,and 100% NP 4 K 4 Z 4 ）.Some influencing factors were selected,including the amount of biogas slurry application on the soil’s chemical properties,enzyme activities,microbial biomass,and heavy metals in the asparagus field.The results showed that the soil organic matter contents increased by 32.7%-41.5% in the 50% NP 2 K 2 Z 2 treatment,compared with the NPK（P＜0.05）.But there was no significant effect on the contents of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and potassium（P＞0.05）.At the same time,the 75% NP 3 K 3 Z 3 and 100% NP 4 K 4 Z 4 treatments were significantly improved the contents of soil available potassium by 48.6% and 48.8%,while also significantly improved pH value（P＜0.05）,but there was no significant influence on the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus（P＞0.05）.Comparison In comparison with the CK,the 50% NP 2 K 2 Z 2 treatment was significantly reduced the activity of soil acid phosphatase（P＜0.05）,but there was no significant effect on the soil urease and catalase activities.By contrast,the rest treatments were enhanced the activity of soil sucrose enzyme.Compared with the NPK,the ratio of carbon and nitrogen of soil microbial biomass was significantly reduced by 3 1.4%-38.6% in the 50% NP 2 K 2 Z 2 treatment（P＜0.05）.But,there was the a significant increase in the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil microbial biomass by 20.2%-61.2%,and 28.8%-162.0%,respectively（P＜0.05） in the rest treatments.All treatments presented the little effect on the contents of Cu,Cr,Cd,Ni,Pb,and Zn in the topsoil of the asparagus field（P＞0.05）.In addition,the 50% NP 2 K 2 Z 2 ,and 75% NP 3 K 3 Z 3 treatments were improved the Zn contents and soluble protein contents in the tender stem of asparagus,compared with the NPK（P＜0.05）.Thus,the soil organic matter and available nutrients were improved for the soil fertility in the asparagus field.As such,the soluble protein and zinc contents were enhanced the quality of the tender stem of asparagus.Among them,the optimal treatment was achieved in the 75%NP 3 K 3 Z 3 with the amount of total nitrogen of biogas slurry replaced by more than 75% of the total nitrogen application amount of chemical fertilizer.

随着国际粮食安全形势的日益恶化,将撂荒地和具备开垦潜力的低缓丘陵区开发成耕地是保障我国粮食安全和耕地占补平衡的重要途径.当前,基于亚热带丘陵区新垦耕地存在土层砂石含量高、有机质含量低、孔隙结构差、漏水漏肥严重和高投入低产出等耕种问题,围绕丘陵区新垦耕地质量提升和土壤培肥开展了大量研究.因此,亟需开展对这部分新垦耕地进行快速培肥和及时转变为有效耕地的技术研究,对提高农户生产积极性和避免资源投入上的浪费至关重要.沼渣液替代部分化肥用于作物栽培已取得显著成效,黑麦草根系发达和根系分泌物量大的特点在水土保持方面作用显著,但尚不清楚将它们配合应用到新垦耕地培肥增产和提升土壤有机碳库方面的潜在效果.基于上述问题,本文综合分析了当前亚热带丘陵区新垦耕地地力提升技术的重要研究进展,同时结合作者在沼渣液资源化利用和绿肥还田方面的多年工作和研究经验,探讨新垦耕地质量提升技术的发展趋势.通过文献比较分析发现,泥炭、生物质炭、商品有机肥和食用菌废渣对新垦耕地土壤有机质有显著提升,生物质炭、石灰粉、沼渣和沼液对酸性新垦耕地土壤 pH值提升作用显著,黏土矿物和合成土壤改良剂对降低土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙作用显著.这些认识可为亚热带丘陵区新垦耕地质量提升和土壤快速长效培肥模式构建提供科学依据.

Biogas production causes vast amounts of biogas slurry (BS). Application of BS to croplands can substitute chemical fertilizers while result in higher ammonia emissions. Tremendous variation of ammonium concentration in different BSs induces imprecise substitution, while concentrated BS holds higher and more stable ammonium. Pyroligneous liquor, an acidic aqueous liquid from biochar production, can be used with concentrated BS to reduce ammonia emission. However, the effects of combining concentrated BS with pyroligneous liquor on ammonia emission and soil (nitrogen) N transformation have been poorly reported. In this study, a field experiment applying concentrated BS only, or combining with 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % pyroligneous liquor (v/v) for substituting 60 % N of single rice cultivation was conducted by contrast with chemical fertilization. The results showed that substituting chemical N fertilizers with concentrated BS increased 24.6 % ammonia emission. In comparison, applying 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % pyroligneous liquor with concentrated BS reduced 4.9 %, 20.3 %, and 24.4 % ammonia emissions, respectively. Applying concentrated BS with more pyroligneous liquor preserved higher ammonium and dissolved organic carbon in floodwater, and induced higher nitrate concentration after fertilization. Whereas soil ammonium and nitrate contents were decreased along with more pyroligneous liquor application before and after the topdressing and exhibited sustainable release until rice harvest. In comparison, the soil N mineralization and nitrification rates were occasionally elevated, while the activities of soil urease, protease, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase had multiple responses. Applying concentrated BS only, or combining with 5 %, 10, and 20 % pyroligneous liquor, have little effect on soil basic properties but inorganic N. In summary, applying concentrated BS with >10 % pyroligneous liquor could preserve more N with sustainable release and potentially lower N loss to the atmosphere, and we proposed that applying 13.5 % pyroligneous liquor in concentrated BS could achieve maximum soil fertility and minimum ammonia emission.

Intercropping Sesbania with rice provides a sustainable mode for the biological control of cadmium (Cd) translocation in crop grains, but how they reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain remains unclear. Here, hydroponic, pot and field assays were conducted to reveal the mechanisms of their interspecific competition for Cd assimilation, especially with regard to the effects of shade by leaves and iron plaque by roots. Results showed compared with planting rice alone, intercropping of Sesbania leading to an approximate 50% decrease in the Cd concentration of rice grain. The shade effect induced by Sesbania leaves decreased the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of rice leaves by 8.8% and 25% respectively, which is mainly occurred after the booting stage. The shade effect also markedly reduced the Cd transfer from roots to grains. Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH, stimulated the root activity of rice, strengthened iron plaque formation but enhanced Cd retention in rice roots. The batch of Fe treatments evidenced the iron plaque failed to impede Cd translocation into roots unless the value of DCB-Fe was higher than 26 mg kg −1. These results together indicated that strong scrambling for soil Cd in Sesbania roots and the shade effect in Sesbania leaves drove the reduction of Cd accumulation in rice grains. This study extends the knowledge that utilizing the intercropping plant to biologically reduce the accumulation of Cd in the crop.

Humans are mainly exposed to cadmium (Cd) due to the rice consumption, however there exist considerable differences across rice cultivars in terms of Cd absorption and accumulation in the grains, and subsequent release after digestion (bioaccessibility), as well as uptake by Caco-2 cells of humans (bioavailability). This study comprised of field and lab simulation trials where in the field, firstly 39 mid-rice cultivars were screened for their phytoremediation potential coupled with safe production in relation to uptake and translocation of Cd. Lower Cd concentrations (˂0.2 mg kg-1) in polished rice of 74 % cultivars were ascribed to the increased root to straw translocation indicating that straw may acquire higher accumulation of Cd. Furthermore, the ionomic profile demonstrated that the spatial distribution of metals in different rice organs corresponds to the plant growth morphology. In the second year, in vitro-in vivo assay model was employed to assess the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in polished rice and to further estimate the daily Cd intake by humans through rice grains. The results of bioaccessibility and bioavailability assays and daily estimated Cd intake presented the corresponding values of 39.02-59.76 %, 8.69-24.26 %, and 0.0185-0.9713 μg kg-1 body weight day-1, respectively. There exists a strong connection between total Cd and bioaccessible Cd to humans (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01). Polynomial fitting (R2 = 0.91, P < 0.01) showed a better statistically significant correlation between total Cd contents and bioavailable levels, suggesting that in vitro-in vivo assays should be considered in future studies. The results of field experiments and in vitro-in vivo assays recommended the Tianyouhuazhan (MR-29), Heliangyou1hao (MR-17), and Yongyou15 (MR-1) as suitable mid-rice cultivars for the phytoremediation of slightly Cd contaminated soils coupled with rice agro-production due to their high nutritional value and low total and bioavailable Cd for human.

施肥是我国农业生产上普遍应用的一项增产措施.目前水稻生产上普遍施用氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)等大量元素肥料,而铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)等微量元素肥料往往被忽视.研究发现,施肥能够影响土壤重金属镉(Cd)的形态变化和水稻Cd积累.本文通过阐述N、P、K、S、Fe、Mn、Zn、Si和有机肥等肥料影响水稻Cd积累的主要作用机理,综述了施肥调控水稻Cd积累的研究进展,以期为更有效地应用施肥技术降低水稻Cd污染,实现水稻安全生产提供理论依据.

浙江省耕地酸化问题较为严重,改良酸化土壤是保障粮食安全的必然选择.本研究采用田间试验,对比有机肥与不同用量白云石粉混施对土壤酸化与肥力、 水稻产量以及稻米镉(Cd)含量的影响,结果表明,每667 m2施用白云石粉150 kg和有机肥300 kg,土壤pH平均提升0.2个单位;土壤有机质含量比对照提升4.8％,土壤全氮和速效钾含量显著提高.同时施用该调理剂显著降低了土壤有效态Cd含量和稻米Cd含量.本研究为我国南方酸化土壤改良与水稻安全种植同步应用技术提供理论基础与支撑.

我国稻田镉污染严重,稻米安全问题突出,发展能够有效调控水稻镉污染的产品与措施尤为迫切.稻田生态系统高度复杂,并易受多种因素影响,水稻镉污染调控难度大.大量研究表明,合理的水分管理不仅能够保障水稻正常的生长发育、产量和稻米品质,同时还能有效减少水稻镉积累.本文综述了水分对土壤理化性质、微生物动态变化以及植物生长发育的影响,阐述了水分管理降低水稻镉积累的主要机理,总结和展望了目前水分管理模式相关研究进展以及未来研究方向,旨在为实际生产上通过优化水分管理技术降低镉污染提供理论依据,更有效实现水稻安全生产.

The effects of Sedum alfredii monoculture, intercropping of S. alfredii and oilseed rape, and rotation of S. alfredii and sunflower on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) remediation efficiency in field conditions were compared by combining organic materials and specific endophyte. After one round of remediation, the results showed that the extraction amount of Cd and Pb was the highest under the S. alfredii and sunflower rotation intensified remediation mode. Under the remediation mode, 394.8 g/hm2 Cd and 110.2 g/hm2 Pb were extracted from the contaminated soils, which were 3.1%-101.0% and 22.0%-139.0% higher than the other treatments, respectively. Moreover, the contents of total Cd and available Cd in the contaminated soils decreased by 26.6% and 31.1%, respectively; the contents of total Pb and available Pb in the contaminated soils decreased by 4.3% and 20.9%, respectively. Considering the factors such as mechanized farming, rotation of S. alfredii and sunflower is easy to operate and more suitable for practical field application.

根据《浙江省农作物种质资源普查与收集行动实施方案》和《第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动浙江省农业科学院实施方案》的要求,浙江省农业科学院种质资源调查第三小组与衢州市衢江区农业农村局种子管理站于2018—2019年联合开展普查与系统调查工作.联合调查组对衢江区峡川镇东坪村的红柿种质资源进行多次调查,采集到不同类型红柿品种.调查结果显示,东坪红柿品种繁多,柿果香甜可口,营养价值较高,富含维生素、核黄素、胡萝卜素及微量元素,既可新鲜食用,也可晾晒制成干果.围绕乡村振兴战略和精准扶贫政策,东坪村充分利用当地红柿等特色品种资源,积极将资源优势转变为产业优势.

根据《第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动》的要求, 浙江省农业科学院种质资源调查第三小组与衢州市衢江区农业农村局种子管理站于2017-2019年联合开展普查与系统调查工作.联合调查组通过对衢江区11个乡 (镇) 的22个村进行普查与系统调查, 收集到各类作物种质资源合计113份.调查发现, 多数地方品种只有零星种植, 特色地方品种消失明显, 种质资源亟须保护.围绕乡村振兴战略和精准扶贫政策,衢江区需要充分利用地方特色品种资源, 将资源优势转变为产业优势.

近年来,受耕作制度、品种特性、虫源基数、气候条件以及防治药剂和技术等因素的综合影响,以稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟等“二迁”害虫为主的水稻重大病害虫在我区连续大发生和爆发.由于缺少有效的使用技术,农民滥用农药、过量用药等十分普遍,从而造成了农业生产成本持续上升,农产品安全受到严重威胁,已成为阻碍粮食生产安全的新问题,严重影响我区农业生产的发展和农民的增产增收以及粮食质量安全,影响农业可持续发展和社会和谐稳定.