土壤污染治理对自然资源的管理具有独特意义和必要性.文章在分析我国土壤污染治理形势和典型项目调研的基础上,梳理我国土壤污染治理的工作进展情况,系统总结土壤污染治理对自然资源管理的重要作用.基于自然资源管理视角下的土壤污染治理的多方需求和核心生态问题,结合江苏省实际状况,从完善政策法规、健全体制机制、拓宽资金来源、完善公众参与、降低治理成本、提升治理技术等方面,提出土壤污染治理实施路径及政策建议.

焚烧是城市生活垃圾减量化的重要处置方式,随之产生的焚烧飞灰问题也日益严重.高温熔融技术可以有效固化焚烧飞灰中的重金属,并深度分解二噁英.介绍了国内外焚烧飞灰高温熔融制备微晶玻璃技术的现状和研究进展,着重探讨了添加剂、预处理、热处理和后处理工艺对微晶玻璃品质的影响.

概述了中国长三角地区一般工业固体废物的产生、处置及综合利用现状,围绕一般工业固体废物实际处置效率不高,区域利用处置能力不平衡,配套利用处置污染控制标准缺失,污染环境案件频发等问题,梳理并分析其主要原因.以废弃矿山为突破口,为长三角地区一般工业固体废物的区域协同处置、污染环境防治与管理提供新的思路.

The inappropriate disposal of medical waste allows bacteria to acquire antibiotic resistance, which results in a threat to public health. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles were determined for 45 different soil samples containing medical waste and 15 nearby soil samples as controls. Besides physical and chemical analyses (i.e., dry matter content, pH value, and metal content), the genomes of microorganisms from the soil samples were extracted for high-throughput sequencing. ARG abundances of these samples were obtained by searching the metagenomic sequences against the antibiotic resistance gene database and the copies of ARGs per copy of the 16S rRNA gene at different levels were assessed. The results showed medical waste accumulation significantly enriched the contents of Cu, Cr, Pb, and As in the tested soil samples. Compared to the controls, the samples collected from areas containing medical waste were significantly enriched (p < 0.05, t-test) with ARGs annotated as sulfonamide and multidrug resistance genes, and in particular, the subtypes sul1 and sul2 (sulfonamide resistance genes), and multidrug_transporter (multidrug resistance gene). Moreover, the ARGs of the samples from the polluted areas were more diverse than those of the control samples (p < 0.05, t-test). The comparatively higher abundance and diversity of ARGs in contaminated soil pose a potential risk to human health.

抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)目前已经被认为是一种重要的环境污染物;土壤中存在的微生物代表了ARGs的古老进化起源之一,并且已被认为是临床病原体获得ARGs的重要交换介质.为测试医疗废物堆置区域的ARGs丰度,在医废堆置区内外采集了共28个土壤样品.在提取样品中的微生物宏基因组之后,对所提取的DNA进行高通量测序.将所得序列与抗生素抗性基因数据库进行比对,并通过计算不同类型以及不同亚型的ARGs拷贝数/16S rRNA基因拷贝数评估ARGs的组成.结果显示,医废堆置区内样本所含的氨基糖苷类、氯霉素类、磺胺类、四环素类ARGs丰度显著高于堆置区外样本(分别达到了0.0134±0.0138、0.00615±0.00747、0.0188±0.0254以及0.00504±0.00292 ARGs拷贝数/16S rRNA基因拷贝数),特别是sul1(磺胺类)、floR(氯霉素类)、catB(氯霉素类)、aph(3”)-I(氨基糖苷类)和tetG(四环素类)这5类ARGs亚型;同时,医废堆置区内样本有着更高的ARGs多样性(t-test,P＜0.05).本研究表明医疗废物堆置会显著提高区域内土壤中ARGs的丰度以及多样性,从而增加潜在环境风险.