Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a high global morbidity and mortality and a severe disease burden, yet progress in treatment and prevention has been slow in recent decades. Early COPD has few symptoms and is severely underdiagnosed and undertreated; it is crucial to search for effective clues of early COPD and provide management interventions. By reviewing the definition, risk factors, diagnosis and management interventions, this study explores the disease evolution of early-stage COPD, which can help clinical practice to develop more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for stopping or slowing down the natural progression of the disease, improving the long-term prognosis, and reducing the disease burden.
肺纤维化在呼吸系统疾病中较常见,且随着年龄的增长呈进行性发展,至后期可因呼吸衰竭导致患者死亡.其发病机制尚无明确定论,激素及抗炎治疗效果不佳,仅能部分延缓肺纤维化的进展.对近年来中医药治疗肺纤维化相关研究进行总结,发现辨痰浊阻肺、痰热壅肺、肺气虚、肺阳虚、肺脾气虚、肺肾气虚、肺肾阴虚、阴虚内热、络虚不荣证型,辨肺、脾、肾、肝不同病位,辨易感、虚实、三阴三阳体质,辨络病,单药、复方等治疗均取得了一定疗效,不同经验及观点的提出,可为临床治疗本病提供更多的思路和方向.
流行病学显示,慢性呼吸道疾病导致的死亡和健康损失呈上升趋势,2017年估计有391万人死于慢性呼吸道疾病,占全球所有死亡人数的7％ [1].因此,呼吸系统疾病的防控尤为关键.呼吸肌是呼吸运动的动力泵,膈肌是胸腔与腹腔间的肌肉-纤维结构,占呼吸肌功能的60％ ～80％,膈肌功能障碍是引起呼吸衰竭的重要机制之一.对膈肌结构及功能的评价在疾病的诊断和评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病( COPD)、重症患者的病情严重程度评估及预后等方面应用广泛.因此,在呼吸系统疾病的临床实践和研究中,膈肌疗效评价方法是其重要的组成部分.
Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a complex heterogeneous disease, with a high rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Repeated attacks of bronchial asthma can cause complications such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and pulmonary heart disease. In recent years, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics has developed rapidly. It can sensitively identify metabolic fluctuations and pathological changes in patients with asthma. By analyzing the molecules produced by various metabolic pathways,it can help us to find relevant biomarkers and provide a better method for early diagnosis and severity assessment of asthma. We reviewed and analyzed the literature of metabolomics technology in disease progression, early diagnosis and severity assessment, so as to provide reference for asthma research.
