Metabolism encompasses a series of intricate biochemical processes that are vital for the sustenance of life in organisms. Metabolomics, an essential scientific discipline, is a field of study within the broader domain of systems biology that focuses on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules, known as metabolites including lipids, coenzymes, et al., which are synthesized during metabolism. With the continuous development of metabolomics, the multiple biological functions of metabolites are constantly being discovered, encompassing signal transduction and enzyme stimulation, while concurrently exhibiting associations with afflictions like cancer and diabetes. The comprehension of metabolite functionalities and their intricate interplay with disease conditions assumes paramount importance in both disease-focused research endeavors and the development of diagnostic tools. This scholarly exposition undertakes an extensive review of recent advancements in the investigation of functional roles assumed by metabolites, with specific emphasis on metabolites in lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism and exogenous metabolites.

The study of lipid metabolism relies on the characterization of the lipidome, which is quite complex due to the structure variations of the lipid species. New analytical tools have been developed recently for characterizing fine structures of lipids, with C=C location identification as one of the major improvements. In this study, we studied the lipid metabolism reprograming by analyzing glycerol phospholipid compositions in breast cancer cell lines with structural specification extended to the C=C location level. Inhibition of the lipid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, increased the proportion of n -10 isomers that are produced via an alternative fatty acid desaturase 2 pathway. However, there were different variations of the ratio of n -9/ n -7 isomers in C18:1-containing glycerol phospholipids after stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition, showing increased tendency in MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-468 cells, and BT-474 cells, but decreased tendency in MDA-MB-231 cells. No consistent change of the ratio of n -9/ n -7 isomers was observed in SK-BR-3 cells. This type of heterogeneity in reprogrammed lipid metabolism can be rationalized by considering both lipid desaturation and fatty acid oxidation, highlighting the critical roles of comprehensive lipid analysis in both fundamental and biomedical applications.

Luminescent enhancement of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) has been generally adopted in several strategies. However, little progress on cascading multiple approaches has been made owing to remarkable diversity of their sizes, compositions, metallic core, and surface ligands. Herein, the well-defined MNCs is prepared by controlling the precursor ratio of ligand to metal ions, whose structure significantly influence on incorporating aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with MNC-encapsulated into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Interestingly, glutathione-decorated copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) with AIE behavior are synthesized at a lower ratio between ligands and Cu2+, and then Zn2+ brings CuNCs to generate assembly (CZA) followed by the in situ formation of the ZIF shell. Finally, CuNCs encapsulated in ZIFs (CuNCs@ZIFs) are obtained. Notably, the photoluminescence quantum yield of CuNCs is increased from 0.9 to 20.3% for CZA and to 24.5% for CuNCs@ZIFs. Oppositely, the emission of CuNCs synthesized from the higher ratio between ligands and Cu2+ is quenched by Zn2+ accompanying the failure formation of ZIFs. This strategy is also applied for six other nanoclusters. Furthermore, CuNCs-based assemblies are screened for extending the dynamic range of quantification in H2O2 and glucose assay. Our results can guide the construction of nanocluster assemblies with excellent photoluminescence and stability, accelerating their utilization in real applications.

化妆品中的添加剂种类繁多,这些物质的加入可提升化妆品的使用效果和保质期限,但过量使用则可能对人体健康造成不良影响.该研究利用吸光材料-激光解吸附离子化质谱(AR-LDI MS)建立了化妆品中添加剂的快速分析方法.利用该法对化妆品中的3-亚苄基樟脑、4-甲基苄亚基樟脑、对羟基苯乙酮和环吡酮进行检测,检出限分别为4、6、40、10 mg/kg.通过加入内标物,可实现化妆品中樟脑衍生物(3-亚苄基樟脑、4-甲基苄亚基樟脑)的定量分析,其线性范围为60～140 mg/kg.该方法前处理过程简便,总分析时间不超过5 min,分析结果灵敏、准确,在化妆品原位快检中有着较为广阔的应用前景.

敞开式离子化质谱是一种新兴的质谱快检技术,具有分析速度快、操作流程简单、特异性强等特点.该技术无需对样品做复杂预处理,尤其在与便携式质谱仪联用时,可用于大量样品的现场、快速、准确筛查,在贸易产品化学风险物质的筛查中展现出广泛的应用前景.该文主要综述敞开式离子化质谱近年来在贸易产品化学风险物质筛查方面的研究进展,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望.

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) display has received widespread attention. The light field display technology based on multi-layer translucent structures enables observers to directly acquire 3D scenes without wearing any auxiliary equipment, and has the advantages of high resolution and low cost. The use of liquid crystal panels as translucent structures makes it possible to realize dynamic 3D display. However, interactive 3D display can hardly be achieved due to the unacceptable long time to generate each frame of a 3D animation. In this paper, we reduce the time consumption for each frame by optimizing acquisition of the four-dimensional light field and calculation of the multi-layer LCD images. With the help of powerful rendering capabilities of OpenGL, we easily obtain the light field information of 3D scenes within less than 0.5s. The light field is rapidly decomposed into multiple LCD images utilizing parallel computing of graphics processing units. Human-computer interaction is realized through the development of Kinect. A 3D display system based on multi-layer LCDs is built, information flow between various components in the system is created, and interactive 3D display is implemented.