以芴、苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和多聚甲醛为原料,采用溶液法合成了直接在芴的苯环结构上进行修饰的2个新型芴基苯并噁嗪单体3-芴基-3,4-二氢-1,3-苯并噁嗪(FBZ-1)和3-芴基-6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1,3-苯并噁嗪(FBZ-2).利用FT-IR,1H NMR和13C NMR对其结构进行了表征.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了2个单体的固化动力学,计算了固化反应活化能,确定了最佳固化温度.通过DSC和热重(TGA)分析了单体及其聚合物的热性能.结果 表明,FBZ-1和FBZ-2呈现出典型的热开环固化特征,放热峰顶温度(5℃·min-1的升温速率)分别为231.2℃,228.7℃,其聚合物初始热分解温度(热失重5％时)达290℃、299℃;850℃时的残炭率(Yc)达到40.9％和36.9％,极限氧指数(LOI)分别是33.86、32.26.

在常压,Ca(NO3) 2-KCl溶液中,以脱硫石膏为原料,研究了聚合物大分子透明质酸转晶剂浓度和pH值对α-半水石膏晶体生长的影响.实验结果表明,pH值为5.5,转晶剂透明质酸浓度为3.0g·L-1时,制备的α-半水石膏为规整度高、分散性好的六边短柱状晶体.α-半水石膏水化硬化浆体力学性能测试显示,浆体抗压强度和抗折强度随着α-半水石膏晶体长径比减小和规整度的增加而逐渐变大,其最大值分别为58.8 MPa和28.5 MPa,属于高强石膏.

The gossamer-like Nb2O5-RGO nanocomposite was synthesized through a solvothermal treatment, and the Nb2O5 nanoparticles were uniformly coated on the RGO sheets. The size of the Nb2O5 nanoparticles is about 200–700 nm. The applications of Nb2O5-RGO as supercapacitor were then explored systematically. The morphology, textural structure, and physicochemical property of Nb2O5-RGO were investigated by using SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TG, and Raman. The electrochemical performance of RGO, Nb2O5, and Nb2O5-RGO was assessed through CV and galvanostatic charge-discharge test. The experimental results show that gossamer-like Nb2O5-RGO exhibits partial faradic pseudocapacitance and good electrical double layer capacitance property. The specific capacitance value 299.23 Fg−1 of Nb2O5-RGO nanocomposite is about 2.7 and 1.7 times higher than that of Nb2O5 and RGO, retaining 87.72% of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles under the optimized conditions, which demonstrate that more ordered binary architecture Nb2O5-RGO nanocomposite along with easy synthesis possesses faster charge-discharge kinetics and excellent supercapacitive performance.