BACKGROUND:Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are relatively rare but lethal primary malignant tumors derived from the biliary tract system. The burden of BTCs varies according to sex, age, region, and country, but limited attention has been paid to the burden of BTCs. We sought to explore the up-to-date data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) and expand findings by accessing the demographic features of BTC disease burden. METHODS:Using the latest data from the GBD 2021, we evaluated and analyzed the distributions and patterns of BTC disease burden in various age groups, sexes, regions, and countries. RESULTS:The number of incident cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) tended to increase and peaked at 216,770 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 181,890-245,240), 171,960 (95% UI: 142,350-194,240), and 3,732,100 (95% UI: 3,102,900-4,317,000) person-years, respectively, in 2021. However, the average global age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs shrunk by -11.46% (95% UI: -21.91 to 3.35%), -24.09% (95% UI: -33.19 to 16.88%), and -26.25% (95% UI: -35.53 to 18.36%), respectively, from 1990 to 2021. Meanwhile, the male/female ratio (male per 100 female) of incidence, deaths, and DALYs changed from 76.40, 75.41, and 74.72 to 86.89, 79.11, and 82.29, respectively. In 2021, the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs occurred in East Asia. The top three highest incidences, deaths, and DALYs were observed in China, India, and Japan, and the highest ASRs were observed in Chile in 2021. Analysis of the Human Development Index along with disease burden estimates of BTCs also suggests that the burden of the disease is related to the level of comprehensive development of the society. CONCLUSION:This study provided a comprehensive comparison of differences in the burden of disease across populations and over time, and further presented evidence concerning the formulation of prevention and control policies and etiologic studies for BTCs and proposed logical hypotheses to investigate.

Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is a group of malignant tumors that originate in the digestive system and occurs with a high incidence in China. Few consistent and comparable assessments of BTC disease burden have been conducted at national or subnational levels, and little is known about the demographic, temporal, and geographic patterns of epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of BTC in China. The incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death and years lived with disability (YLDs) of BTC were comprehensively examined by age, sex, and calendar year in the Chinese population, using the methodological framework and analytical strategies used for the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study. All-age incidence increased from 17,077 to 51,720 between 1990 and 2021, and the age-standardized incidence rate rose by 13.62%; all-age deaths increased from 17,251 to 37,833, but the age-standardized mortality rate fell by nearly one-fifth. The DALYs rose by 89.57% while the age-standardized DALY rate fell by 23.24%. Variations of the tendencies in BTC burden were found between sexes and age groups. Data for each provincial region indicate that coastal eastern provincial regions have higher incidence and YLD levels, whereas northern provincial regions have higher mortality, DALY, and YLL levels. The proportions of DALYs attributable to high body mass index (BMI) illustrate the growing attribution obesity has made, and high BMI usually puts more burden on northern provincial regions. These results provide evidence to support precise, targeted, and customed public health strategies aimed at enhancing biliary tract health among the Chinese population.

e16119 Background: Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (GB-NEN) is an extremely rare type of gallbladder neoplasms and its characteristics and prognosis varies widely. The focus of this study was to analyze and compare the clinical pathological features, surgical treatments and prognosis of patients with GB-NEN between Chinese and American population. Methods: The Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study is a multicenter retrospective registry cohort study reviewing the electronic medical records from 76 tertiary and secondary hospitals across 28 provinces in China. Patients diagnosed with GB-NEN according to the 2019 WHO classification between 2010 and 2017 were assembled from CRGGC study and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Chi-square test for categorical variables and the overall survival outcomes were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method in the two groups before and after a propensity score matching (PSM) with 1:1 ratio. Results: In this study, we assembled totally 84 patients from CRGGC study and there were 217 patients with GB-NEN diagnosed during the same period from National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. After the PSM using sex, age, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage 7th Edition, liver invasion status and types of surgical treatment, 19 pairs of patients were included. Chinese patients from the CRGGC with GB-NENs presents more liver invasion (c²= 22.621, P = 0.000), higher diagnosed age (c²= 37.313, P = 0.000) and cancer stage (c²= 13.298, P = 0.021) totally than those from the SEER database. Radical surgical treatments were performed in 51(60.714%) and 96(44.240%) patients among patients from the CRGGC study and the SEER database respectively and the surgical treatment model shows a difference between these two groups (c²= 85.729, P = 0.000). Compared with propensity score matched American patients with GB-NENs from SEER database, Chinese patients from the CRGGC study had similar overall survival(c²= 0.480, P = 0.489) instead of longer overall survival than patients from the SEER database before PSM(c²= 6.408, P = 0.011). Conclusions: Chinese and American patients with GB-NEN form the CRGGC study and the SEER database present no difference in overall survival after PSM. However, heterogeneity of pathological features, surgical treatments between those groups of GB-NEN patients prompt that different methods could be referred for the improvement in the survival of GB-NEN patients.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, treat-ment and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017.Methods:The single disease retrospective registration cohort study was conducted. Based on the concept of the real world study, the clinicopathological data, from multicenter retrospective clinical data database of gallbladder cancer of Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC), of 6 159 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to 42 hospitals from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) case resources; (2) age and sex distribution; (3) diagnosis; (4) surgical treatment and prognosis; (5) multimodality therapy and prognosis. The follow-up data of the 42 hospitals were collected and analyzed by the CRGGC. The main outcome indicator was the overall survival time from date of operation for surgical patients or date of diagnosis for non-surgical patients to the end of outcome event or the last follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribu-tion were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed using the Logistic forced regression model, and variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic stepwise regression model. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Case resources: of the 42 hospitals, there were 35 class A of tertiary hospitals and 7 class B of tertiary hospitals, 16 hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer and 26 hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer, respectively. Geographical distribution of the 42 hospitals: there were 9 hospitals in central China, 5 hospitals in northeast China, 22 hospitals in eastern China and 6 hospitals in western China. Geographical distribution of the 6 159 patients: there were 2 154 cases(34.973%) from central China, 705 cases(11.447%) from northeast China, 1 969 cases(31.969%) from eastern China and 1 331 cases(21.611%) from western China. The total average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of the 6 159 patients was 18.3±4.5 per year, in which the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 4 974 patients(80.760%) from hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer was 38.8±8.9 per year and the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 1 185 patients(19.240%) from hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer was 5.7±1.9 per year. (2) Age and sex distribution: the age of 6 159 patients diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(56,71) years, in which the age of 2 247 male patients(36.483%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(58,71)years and the age of 3 912 female patients(63.517%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 63(55,71)years. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.74:1. Of 6 159 patients, 3 886 cases(63.095%) were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer at 56 to 75 years old. There was a significant difference on age at diagnosis between male and female patients ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001). (3) Diagnosis: of 6 159 patients, 2 503 cases(40.640%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 3 656 cases(59.360%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 2 110 patients(34.259%) not undergoing surgical treatment, of which 200 cases(9.479%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 910 cases(90.521%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 4 049 patients(65.741%) undergoing surgical treatment, of which 2 303 cases(56.878%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 746 cases(43.122%) were initial diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. Of the 1 746 patients who were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer, there were 774 cases(19.116%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer during operation and 972 cases(24.006%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer after operation. Of 6 159 patients, there were 2 521 cases(40.932%), 2 335 cases(37.912%) and 1 114 cases(18.087%) undergoing ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before initial diagnosis, respec-tively, and there were 3 259 cases(52.914%), 3 172 cases(51.502%) and 4 016 cases(65.205%) undergoing serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis, respectively. One patient may underwent multiple examinations. Results of univariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals, whether undergoing ultrasound, CT, MRI, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis were related factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.45, 1.98, 0.69, 0.68, 2.43, 0.41, 1.63, 0.41, 0.39, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 1.21-1.74, 1.64-2.40, 0.59-0.80, 0.60-0.78, 2.19-2.70, 0.37-0.45, 1.43-1.86, 0.37-0.45, 0.35-0.43, 0.38-0.47, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), sex, age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals and cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initially diagnosis were indepen-dent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.36, 1.42, 0.89, 0.67, 1.85, 1.56, 1.57, 0.39, 95% confidence interval as 1.13-1.64, 1.16-1.73, 0.79-0.99, 0.57-0.78, 1.60-2.14, 1.38-1.77, 1.38-1.79, 0.35-0.43, P<0.05). (4) Surgical treatment and prognosis. Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 447 cases(60.435%) with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. Cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb were 85(3.474%), 201(8.214%), 71(2.902%), 890(36.371%), 382(15.611%), 33(1.348%) and 785(32.080%), respectively. The median follow-up time and median postoperative overall survival time of the 2 447 cases were 55.75 months (95% confidence interval as 52.78-58.35) and 23.46 months (95% confidence interval as 21.23-25.71), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb ( χ2=512.47, P<0.001). Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 988 cases(73.796%) with resectable tumor, 177 cases(4.371%) with unresectable tumor and 884 cases(21.833%) with tumor unassessable for resectabi-lity. Of the 2 988 cases with resectable tumor, there were 2 036 cases(68.139%) undergoing radical resection, 504 cases(16.867%) undergoing non-radical resection and 448 cases(14.994%) with operation unassessable for curative effect. Of the 2 447 cases with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data who underwent surgical treatment, there were 53 cases(2.166%) with unresectable tumor, 300 cases(12.260%) with resectable tumor and receiving non-radical resection, 1 441 cases(58.888%) with resectable tumor and receiving radical resection, 653 cases(26.686%) with resectable tumor and receiving operation unassessable for curative effect. There were 733 cases not undergoing surgical treatment with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases not undergoing surgical treatment, cases undergoing surgical treatment for unresectable tumor, cases undergoing non-radical resection for resectable tumor and cases undergoing radical resection for resectable tumor ( χ2=121.04, P<0.001). (5) Multimodality therapy and prognosis: of 6 159 patients, there were 541 cases(8.784%) under-going postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and advanced chemotherapy, 76 cases(1.234%) under-going radiotherapy. There were 1 170 advanced gallbladder cancer (pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲa) patients undergoing radical resection, including 126 cases(10.769%) with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 044 cases(89.231%) without postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629). There were 658 patients with pathological staging as stage Ⅲa who underwent radical resection, including 66 cases(10.030%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 592 cases(89.970%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.05, P=0.817). There were 512 patients with pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲb who underwent radical resection, including 60 cases(11.719%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 452 cases(88.281%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy and cases without post-operative adjuvant chemo-therapy ( χ2=1.50, P=0.220). Conclusions:There are more women than men with gallbladder cancer in China and more than half of patients are diagnosed at the age of 56 to 75 years. Cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initial diagnosis are independent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Preoperative resectability evaluation can improve the therapy strategy and patient prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer is not standardized and in low proportion in China.

e16140 Background: Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasm (GB-NEN) is an extremely rare type of gallbladder neoplasm and the prognosis of patients with GB-NENs varies widely. The focus of this study was to construct and validate a prognostic model of GB-NENs based on the data from a nationwide retrospective multicenter registry cohort. Methods: The Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study is a multicenter retrospective registry cohort study reviewing the electronic medical records from 76 tertiary and secondary hospitals across 28 provinces in China. We assembled patients with GB-NEN diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 in 24 tertiary hospitals from CRGGC study. Influential factors of recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified using Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox predicting model was constructed for predicting RFS and OS. The prognostic model was validated both internally and externally. Performance of the model was assessed by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves stratified by risk categories. Results: A total of 84 patients with GB-NEN was extracted from CRGGC study, among which 3 were diagnosed with GB-NEN Grade 1, 8 were diagnosed with GB-NEN Grade 2 and 35 with GB-NEN Grade 3. Of the 35 patients with GB-NEN Grade 3, 3 had poorly differentiated small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SC-NECs) and 8 patients had Mixed neuroendocrine–non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs). 53 patients were included in the training group (median survival, 21.1 months; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13.8-37.6 months) and 31 patients in the validation cohort (median survival, 34.3 months; 95% CI, 9.63-58.97months). A Cox predicting model was built, including 5 variables (age, TNM stage, surgery, metastasis at liver, proportion of positive lymph nodes examined). The C-index was 78.1 (95% CI, 63.9-92.3), with a good calibration, and these results were confirmed in the internal validation cohorts. Conclusions: We have built a clinical model for GB-NEN patients and clinical doctors for prognosis prediction based on age, TNM stage, surgery, metastasis at liver, proportion of positive lymph nodes examined which can be easily obtained in one’s case history. It can be used to determine subgroups of patients who may have poorer prognosis and assist individualized and precise treatment for GB-NEN.

Soy isoflavones are natural tyrosine kinase inhibitors closely associated with decreased morbidity and mortality of various tumors. The activation of tyrosine kinases such as ERBB2 is the mechanism by which cholecystitis transforms into gallbladder cancer (GBC), therefore, it is important to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to soy isoflavones and the occurrence and progression of GBC. This case-control study (n = 85 pairs) found that the high level of plasma soy isoflavone-genistein (GEN) was associated with a lower risk of gallbladder cancer (>326.00 ng/mL compared to <19.30 ng/mL, crude odds ratio 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.59; P for trend = 0.016), and that the level of GEN exposure negatively correlated with Ki67 expression in GBC tissue (n = 85). Consistent with these results, the proliferation of GBC cells was inhibited in the long-term exposure models of GEN in vitro and in vivo. The long-term exposure to GEN reduced the tyrosine kinase activity of ERBB2 and impaired the function of the PTK6-AKT-GSK3b axis, leading to downregulation of the MCM complex in GBC cells. In summary, long-term exposure to GEN associated with soy products intake might play a certain role in preventing GBC and even inhibiting the proliferation of GBC cells. (c) 2022 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

目的 探讨中国胆囊癌病人的外科治疗模式、病理学特征和预后.方法 收集中国13个省市的26家医院自2010年1月至2017年12月收治的4345例胆囊癌病人临床资料,分析中国胆囊癌病人的地区、性别、年龄分布;基于病人的诊疗记录与检查结果对手术病人肿瘤的可切除性进行评估,分析可切除性肿瘤病人的外科治疗模式,参照术前检查、手术记录和术后病理学检查结果评估可切除性肿瘤手术治疗是否达到根治标准,分析行根治性手术胆囊癌病人的病理学特征.结果 4345例胆囊癌病人中,男性1664例(38.23％),女性2681例(61.77％).行外科手术治疗的病人3129例(71.01％),其中可切除性肿瘤2074例(66.28％).在可切除性肿瘤2074例病人中,仅1133例(54.63％)在术前即诊断为胆囊恶性肿瘤,1002例(48.31％)行根治性切除,1072例(51.69％)未达根治标准.胆囊癌根治性切除病人的病理学检查结果中,736例(73.45％)为腺癌,348例(34.73％)为低分化癌,376例(37.52％)伴肝侵犯,152例(15.17％)伴神经浸润,96例(9.58％)伴血管内癌栓,78例(7.78％)伴周围脂肪组织浸润,89例(8.88％)伴周围器官受累,328例(32.73％)活体组织病理学检查淋巴结阳性.获得生存随访资料的2357例手术治疗病人术后中位生存期为16.17个月,多因素Cox回归生存分析结果显示肿瘤TNM分期(P＜O.001)、肿瘤分化程度(P＜0.001)、肝脏侵犯(P＜0.001)、RO切除(P=0.003)均为术后生存期的独立预后因素.结论 中国胆囊癌术前诊断率有待提高;胆囊癌外科治疗模式亟待规范;病理学检查报告中反映的多个因素与胆囊癌病人预后密切相关,其描述的规范化对指导胆囊癌病人的精准治疗有重要意义.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has brought numerous challenges to the public health system since December 2019. Chinese government, hospitals, and doctors have made tremendous efforts to restrain the pandemic. All patients with fever or pneumonia of undetermined origin or suspected COVID-19 infection are being transferred to COVID-19-designated hospitals for diagnosis and quarantine. To confront the massive demand of human and medical resources, a large number of medical professionals from various specialties have been voluntarily grouped together to support the front line against COVID-19,1 and medical supplies are centralized in relevant departments. All these strict measures were taken as earlier as possible and had showed effectiveness in controlling the rapid spread of COVID-19. As the number of new infections has been declining since February, we have achieved tremendous success in containing COVID19 infection and transmission in China and our experience of battling against this epidemic is valuable for the rest of the world.2 At the same time, the outbreak exerted tremendous impacts on surgical patients in China. Elective surgeries dropped by 70-95% in Chinese hospitals during the epidemic (Figure 1A).3 The shortage of medical resources such as personal protective equipment and blood, and the strict administrative policy for preventing infection are the main reasons. In addition, due to the possible person-toperson infection in hospitals, surgical patients refrained from coming to hospital to seek medical care. However, certain surgical patients, such as acute abdomen, digestive tumors, cholelithiasis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal injury, are likely to face worse outcomes without timely surgery. Therefore, another issue arose as how to provide safe and high-quality surgical care to patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. In this regard, Chinese hospitals have taken following measures based the protocols from the National Health Commission of China and experience learned from the fight against SARS.4

Objective To investigate the surgical indication and tactics for liver hemangioma in the caudate lobe Methods From January 1994 to July 2019, 137 patients, including 51 males and 86 females with the average age of 49.2 years old were diagnosed with liver hemangioma in caudate lobe and received treatment at five tertiary referral hospitals. Clinical features, correlations between tumor size and clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis were analyzed. Results Of the 137 patients identified, 40 (29.20%) patients were asymptomatic, whereas other 94 patients had clinical symptoms mainly presented as upper abdominal discomfort, epigastric distention, upper abdominal dull pain, nausea, and vomiting. Fifteen (93.75%), 18 (39.13%), and 7 (10.45%) patients presented no clinical symptoms among those tumor size was less than 3 cm (D ≤ 3 cm, n = 16), 3 cm < D ≤ 6 cm ( n = 46), and 6 cm < D ≤ 9 cm ( n = 67), respectively, while all 8 patients with tumor larger than 9 cm were symptomatic. Tumor diameter was obviously associated with the presence of clinical symptoms. In follow-up period, 7 patients in the conservative group ( n = 39) received surgery because of tumor growth or symptom appearance. Totally 105 patients received operation including partial resection or isolated complete resection of caudate lobe and caudate lobe resection combined with liver segment resection, right liver resection, or left liver resection. All operations went smoothly, and no severe complications appeared. Conclusion Tumor diameter was obviously associated with the presence of clinical symptoms in patients with hemangioma in caudate lobe. Surgical therapy is not recommended for asymptomatic patients and available for patient who has symptoms. Effective surgical strategies should be put into use to reduce operative bleeding.

对海底管道进行水下维修,传统做法是由潜水员携带便携式高压水枪或液压圆环锯对管道外表面进行切割并剥离,这种方法效率低,风险大.因此需要研制一种可以智能高效地清理海底管道外防护层的设备.结合前期设计的设备总体组成及设备作业工况,配套设计了设备的电气控制系统方案.首先简要介绍了研制任务概况,而后较为详细地论述了设备总体设计方案、控制系统的软硬件设计方案、研制的海底管道外涂层清理设备的工程应用验证.实践表明,研制的设备可满足水深达100 m的水下施工工况,可代替以往潜水员下水人工作业的方式.

Cable carousel is a key equipment for the production and construction of large cable, which is used in the cable Backtwisting, crimping and storaging. This paper presents a control system based on SIEMENS S7-400PLC and ABB ACS800 speed control system. Through the bus and Ethernet, the communication between the control system and the power system is realized, and the speed of the cable reel is adjusted according to the cable's real time length and the pulling force. Through multiple construction projects, the whole system is stable and reliable, which is obtained by users.

在海洋油气资源开发的过程中,海底管道及电缆铺设渐渐成为重要的一个工程领域.在这个过程中,挖沟机起到越来越重要的作用.海底管道/埋缆挖沟机成为不可缺少的施工设备.以往的挖沟机控制系统非常简单,几乎没有传感器,下水后无法及时反馈挖沟机工作状态,给施工带来了很大的不便.该文介绍了一种基于研华ADAM模块的挖沟机控制系统,可以实时监测挖沟机运行状态,及时调整挖沟作业中母船的工作参数,使挖沟作业更加顺利的进行.

Haihe open bridge in Xiangluowan is a new type open bridge of large span,dual leaves and vertically rotating.Composition and functions of its opening system are described in the article. Technical processes of automatic control,step control and manual control realized with the electrical system are explained. An advanced synchronic control technology is adopted in the system. Condition monitoring system and protection measures are also configured in the system. Successful development of the electrical system for the bridge presents an important reference example for domestic bridges construction.