Based on the construction advantages of dry connection mode of precast shear wall with high-strength bolts, steel plates and other components, a new type of prefabricated shear wall with the function of friction energy dissipation was proposed. Three shear wall specimens with the scale ratio of 1.54 were designed, and the control parameters were the axial compression ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of edge components. The quasi-static tests were carried out and the results show that the final failure mode of the three specimens are similar, which is the bending-shear failure that diagonal cracks in the wall develop to the concrete spalling in the compression area. The reduction of axial compression ratio or longitudinal reinforcement ratio of edge components have adverse effects on the seismic performance of the new prefabricated shear wall, which is manifested in the weakening of hysteretic performance and the reduction of ultimate bearing capacity. Combined with the finite element analysis results, the five-fold skeleton model and restoring force model of the new prefabricated shear wall were established. The proposed restoring force model is in good agreement with the test results, which can provide reference for the elasto-plastic seismic response analysis of the new prefabricated shear wall.

为增强装配式剪力墙的耗能能力,提高其施工效益,提出一种具有摩擦抗剪与耗能功能的新型装配式剪力墙结构,并进行了抗震性能试验.为弥补试件数量不足以及精确确定最优起滑荷载的设计需求,结合新型装配式剪力墙抗震性能试验结果,探讨相应高精度有限元模型建立方法,并进行多参数结构抗震性能影响分析.最后,基于有限元分析结果和新型装配式剪力墙工作原理,确定最优起滑荷载.研究结果表明:所提出的新型装配式剪力墙具有良好的滞回耗能能力;螺栓预紧力、钢材摩擦因数、螺栓总距等对结构抗震性能影响显著,应作为相应结构设计的主要参数,竖向荷载、钢板厚度、钢材弹性模量影响较小,可以忽略不计;当起滑荷载设定为墙体屈服荷载时,结构模型耗能达到峰值,同时耗能系数开始明显降低,因而将结构的最优起滑荷载确定为屈服荷载.

为精准、高效改善城市老旧小区居住环境品质,提高其防灾、减灾能力,提出一种基于云模型的老旧小区韧性评价体系.基于韧性理论,对所选老旧小区按照不同年代进行分组,通过实地调研,获得陕西省西安市 30 组具有代表性的老旧小区特征数据,参考相关文献及相关专家建议,确定建筑韧性、设施韧性、环境韧性、人员韧性共计 4 个一级指标、9 个二级指标、30 个三级指标,构成老旧小区的评价指标体系.采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)确定各指标的主观权重,采用熵权法(entropy weight method,EWN)和准则去除效果法(method based on the removal effects of criteria,MEREC)确定客观权重,采用组合赋权法确定最终权重,运用MATLAB构建了基于云模型的老旧小区韧性评价体系.基于此评价体系,选取西安市一老旧小区——万庆巷小区进行韧性评价,所得结果能够较准确地反映该小区韧性薄弱环节,表明所建评价体系具有一定的适用性与有效性.

Based on high-strength bolts, steel plates and other components to achieve the advantages of prefabricated shear wall assembly connection "dry connection" operation advantages, a new type of assembled shear wall with friction energy consumption function was proposed. Using a combination of model tests and numerical simulations, three shear wall specimens with a scaling ratio of 1:1.54 were designed and the corresponding seismic performance tests were carried out. The effects of axial compression ratio and longitudinal reinforcement rate of edge members on the damage mode, hysteresis performance, load carrying capacity, deformation performance, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of specimens are systematically analyzed. The test results showed that the final failure modes of the three specimens were similar, which was the bending-shear failure from the development of the oblique cracks in the wall to the concrete spalling in the compression zone; The reduction of the axial compression ratio or the reinforcement rate of the longitudinal reinforcement of the edge members will lead to the reduction of the bearing capacity of the shear wall and the increase of the ultimate displacement has a negative impact on the seismic performance of the new assembled shear wall, which is manifested by the weakening of the hysteresis performance and the reduction of the ultimate bearing capacity. Combined with the finite element simulation results, the five-fold skeleton model and restoring force model of the new assembled shear wall were established, and then the calculation formulae of unloading stiffness and loading stiffness of the hysteresis curve were obtained by regression fitting. The restoring force model proposed in this paper is in good agreement with the test results, which can provide a reference for the elastic–plastic seismic response analysis of the new fabricated shear wall structure.

In this paper, the varying laws of stress-strain curve, feature point stress, energy dissipation capacity, and equivalent damping ratio of shape memory alloy wires were studied with the variation of diameter of wires, strain amplitude and cyclic loading times. The results show that the mechanical properties of SMA wire tend to deteriorate with the increase of wire diameter. When the strain amplitude reached 6% and the loading cycles reached 15, SMA wire could be formed with good hysteretic performance and working stability. Based on the superelastic property of the trained SMA wire and the basic working principle of tuned mass damper (TMD), a kind of detachable SMA suspension pendulum damping system convenient for disassembly was designed and fabricated. For this kind of damping system, the corresponding performance tests were completed, and the natural frequency of the system, the phase relationship between the mass vibrator and the controlled structure, and the variation of the equivalent damping force with the mass of the vibrator and the length of the pendulum rod were analyzed. The results show that the phase relationship between the mass vibrator and the controlled structure maintains between 150 degrees similar to 180 degrees under sine wave and real earthquake excitation, meanwhile the control effect increases with the rise of equivalent damping force. Above all, the system can be easily applied to the control of structural vibration, and provide stable and efficient damping force, so that the structure can be protected from strong dynamic disasters.