BACKGROUND:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that significantly endangers public health and hinders socioeconomic development. Sichuan Province is a mixed endemic area of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), and it has one of the most severe epidemics of echinococcosis in China. In 2012, the national epidemiological sampling survey of echinococcosis revealed that the prevalence rate of echinococcosis among the population in Sichuan Province was 1.08%, significantly higher than the national average (0.24%). In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of newly diagnosed patients with echinococcosis in Sichuan Province from 2013 to 2024 were analyzed, providing a reference for identifying key areas of echinococcosis and developing targeted prevention and control strategies. METHODS:Data on the number of individuals screened for echinococcosis and the number of newly diagnosed patients in endemic counties were obtained from the annual reports of the Sichuan Provincial Echinococcosis Control Program between 2013 and 2024. The detection rate of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients was calculated for each year. County-level electronic maps of Sichuan Province were downloaded from the National Geographic Information Public Service Platform. The spatial distribution map of the detection rate of newly diagnosed patients with echinococcosis in Sichuan Province was created using ArcGIS software, and global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were conducted. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis of the detection rate of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients in Sichuan Province was conducted using SaTScan software. RESULTS:From 2013 to 2024, the total detection rate of newly diagnosed patients with echinococcosis in the endemic areas of Sichuan Province was 55.77/100,000, with the detection rates of CE and AE being 36.71/100,000 and 19.88/100,000, respectively. The total detection rate of newly diagnosed patients with echinococcosis, as well as that of CE and AE, demonstrated a decreasing trend year by year (χ2 = 1,054.785, 925.936, 196.018; P < 0.001). The detection rate of CE was higher than that of AE between 2013 and 2021; however, this trend was reversed between 2022 and 2024. In terms of spatial distribution, areas with higher detection rates were primarily concentrated in the northwestern part of Sichuan Province, whereas areas with lower detection rates were mainly distributed in the southeastern part of the province. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis results revealed that the total detection rate of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients exhibited spatial clustering in 2013-2016, 2018, 2020, and 2024. The detection rate of newly diagnosed CE patients exhibited spatial clustering in 2013, 2014, and 2022. The detection rate of newly diagnosed patients with AE exhibited spatial clustering in 2013-2018, 2020, and 2023. Local spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed that the "high-high" clustering areas of the total detection rates, CE and AE detection rates were concentrated in the northwestern and northern parts of the endemic areas, while the "low-low" clustering areas were concentrated in the southeastern parts of the endemic areas. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis revealed that the most important clusters of newly total diagnosed echinococcosis and CE patients in Sichuan Province were mainly located in Shiqu, Seda, Baiyu, Ganzi, Dege, Xinlong, Luhuo, Aba, and Rangtang counties. The most important clusters of patients with AE were mainly in Shiqu, Seda, Baiyu, Ganzi, Dege, and Rangtang counties. CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that the detection rate of newly diagnosed patients with echinococcosis in Sichuan Province decreased annually between 2013 and 2024, exhibiting significant spatial clustering. The western Sichuan Qinghai Tibet Plateau region is a "hot spot" for echinococcosis in the Sichuan Province population. It is recommended that relevant departments develop precise prevention and control strategies for the current areas of clustering.

Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, where alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3.64% and 2.37%, respectively. Recent settlement expansion in the region has raised concerns, as smaller, remote settlements often lacked waste disposal and sewage systems, potentially facilitating echinococcosis transmission. The aim of this study is to investigate how settlement characteristics influence echinococcosis transmission. Findings The study was conducted from 2022–2024 in nomadic communities of Shiqu County in China. The overall prevalence rate of echinococcosis in 51 settlements was found to be 2.34% (321/13,701; 95% CI : 2.10–2.61), which included a prevalence rate of 1.62% (222/13,701; 95% CI : 1.42–1.85) for AE and a prevalence rate of 0.72% (99/13,701; 95% CI : 0.59–0.88) for CE. The prevalence rate of AE was significantly ( χ 2 = 49.57, P < 0.01) higher than that of CE. Settlements with a smaller population size (Z = -4.27, P < 0.01), a greater distance to the township center (Z = 2.66, P < 0.01) and a higher density of owned dogs (Z = 5.90, P < 0.01) were associated with higher prevalence rates of CE. These associations were also observed for AE prevalence, except for the density of owned dogs. Conclusions This study indicates that the transmission of AE was more active than that of CE in the nomadic communities. Smaller, remote settlements had higher prevalence rates for both CE and AE. The density of owned dogs was a significant risk factor for CE prevalence but not for AE prevalence. Targeted interventions are needed in these high-risk settlements. Future research should investigate how settlement characteristics interact with hygiene practices, the infection status of intermediate and definitive hosts, and their population dynamics to better understand combined effects on echinococcosis prevalence.

目的 总结四川省在棘球蚴病防控工作中机制和措施的创新实践,以期形成防治经验供政府决策参考.方法 通过文献和资料回顾性分析,逐条梳理和总结.结果 目前已形成了棘球蚴病防控的政府领导、多部门协作、全社会参与的良好形势;在棘球蚴病防治方面取得了重要进展,得益于在理念与机制创新、综合防控措施的落地生根、精准化施策和科学研究方面的持续用力.结论 棘球蚴病防治必须结合流行特点,采取综合施策,多部门协作的模式.

目的 了解甘孜州棘球蚴病流行地区石渠县、甘孜县和白玉县的患病情况,为制定棘球蚴病精准防控方案提供依据.方法 于2019-2021年分别对石渠县、甘孜县和白玉县的棘球蚴病患者及其家属进行调查,记录性别、年龄、职业、文化程度等信息,对患者及其家属进行腹部B超和血清学检查.采用卡方检验对率进行比较,检验水准为α=0.05.结果 在3县的35个乡镇开展研究,共纳入1209人进行腹部B超检查.检出阳性病人989名,其中多房棘球蚴病患者占60.71％,细粒棘球蚴病患者占26.87％;患者年龄介于6～92岁;女性患者占61.09％;牧民和文盲患者分别占77.15％、78.97％.结论 在棘球蚴病流行县,多房棘球蚴病患者占比较大,患者以女性、牧民为主,且文化程度较低,应对这部分人群密切检测,做到精准化防控.

Relay protection device is an important part to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. With the rapid increase of the number of substations and relay protection devices,the daily inspection workload of the operation and maintenance personnel has become saturated,which can not guarantee the high quality and no dead angle inspection every time and brings hidden dangers to the reliable operation of the protection devices. In this paper,an intelligent inspection technology of protection device based on convolution neural network image recognition algorithm is proposed. With the help of the cameras installed in the front and back of the cabinet,the unmanned or few people inspection of the protection device can be realized. Firstly,the intelligent inspection system of the protection device is introduced,and the intelligent inspection items that can be realized is analyzed. The conclusion that convolution neural network can be used for image recognition is drawn. Secondly,taking the platen state recognition as an example,the training sample set and test sample set required by the inspection items are introduced,and the convolution neural network level of the inspection items is given. Then the training sample set is used to train the convolution neural network of different inspection items,and finally each network is tested. The test results show that the neural network image recognition rate of each inspection item is above 96%,even 98%,and the recognition effect is good.

Background: There have been few integrated investigations that have focused on people’s preferences for accessing health education materials on echinococcosis prevention and control. In this study, we evaluated the acceptance of different carriers of information on preventing echinococcosis in four counties in China to understand the factors influencing their acceptance.Methods: Three types of common health education materials (daily essential, written, and audio-visual materials) with similar simple prevention knowledge of echinococcosis were distributed to people in each village free of charge from September to November 2017. The selected villages were chosen by a stratified and proportionate sampling method, and the Chi-square test was used to examine the difference between location, sex, age, and occupation subgroups.Results: Shovels were the most popular daily essential material (18.02%), the Tibetan calendar was the most popular written material (34.78%), and flash animation and song were the most popular audio-visual materials (31.58% and 31.14%, respectively). There were significant differences among choices in different groups. Compared to location (county), sex, and age, occupation may be the most important factor influencing people’s choice of health education material.Conclusions: The results suggest that the preferences of different groups should be considered when designing health education materials, and demand analysis could improve the targeting and pertinence of health education materials to improve the intervention effect.

国家"十三五"棘球蚴病防治规划确定的基本控制目标是到2020年70%的县人群患病率降低到1%以下及犬感染率降低到5%以下。2019年四川省有83%的县达到目标,超过国家目标任务要求。四川省棘球蚴病防治经过重点调查研究阶段、以卫生部门为主的防控试点阶段、部门协同防控初步阶段和政府主导攻坚达到基本控制阶段等4个阶段。四川省棘球蚴病从流行到基本控制,防治工作取得了显著成效,表明以"控制传染源为主、中间宿主防控与病人查治相结合"的综合防治策略十分有效。四川省的成功得益于"党政齐抓,全员共抓"、部门协作、科学防控及专业队伍的支撑,得益于不断探索新的策略措施,如季节性加强犬的驱虫和控制、定居点灭鼠等,以及创新患者筛查管理、健康教育、宿主监测等。未来要坚持行之有效的策略措施,并根据流行及防控的新情况及时优化策略措施,做到精准防控以进一步控制棘球蚴病的流行。

目的 了解四川省包虫病流行态势,评估防治成效,为后续防控措施制定提供参考.方法 采用超声声像学检查对选取的监测范围内2岁以上常住人口、学校学生进行包虫病患病情况监测,采集家犬、野外犬科动物粪便进行棘球绦虫抗原检测,采用触检、剖检的方式检查监测县中间宿主牲畜、小型哺乳动物患病情况,采用问卷调查了解学生包虫病防治知识知晓及健康行为养成情况,运用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行数据分析,各率的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准为α=0.05.结果 2020年四川省居民、学生新患者检出率分别为0.12‰、0.06‰;2020年,四川省包虫病监测范围总体患病率为0.68％,不同性别、年龄段及地区的患病率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),女性患病率高于男性,51～ 60岁年龄段患病率最高(1.11％),甘孜州患病率最高(1.11％);家犬、野外犬科动物犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为0.81％、1.12％,阿坝州野外犬科动物感染率(1.47％)高于甘孜州(0.68％)(x2=4.63,P＜ 0.05);中间宿主牲畜、小型哺乳动物患病率分别为0.84％、2.80％,甘孜州牲畜、小型哺乳动物患病率(1.24％,3.22％)均高于阿坝州(0.59％,1.14％)(x2=44.52,P＜0.05);小学生包虫病防治知识知晓率为91.21％,不接触狗、饭前洗手、生的家畜脏器不喂狗行为养成率分别为75.42％、76.00％、89.19％.结论 四川省包虫病人群新患者检出率、动物宿主感染率稳步下降,通过综合防治措施四川省包虫病流行逐步得到控制,但四川省包虫病野外动物循环链仍处于活跃状态,人群感染风险仍持续存在.

The prevalence of E. multilocularis is a major public health problem in China. To better understand the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary patterns of E. multilocularis, an adequate dataset regarding the genetic variance of this parasite is necessary. However, for now, available genetic data of E. multilocularis is still insufficient. In the study, the EmsB microsatellite and the partial mitochondrial cox1 gene were combined to investigate the genetic diversity of 64 E. multilocularis samples from human, dogs and voles. These samples were collected in the Western Sichuan Plateau, where the highest village-based human prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis was recorded worldwide. The aim of the study is to gather more informative genetic data of E. multilocularis in the areas, especially those obtained using the EmsB marker. The microsatellite analysis revealed 7 different EmsB profiles, 1 of which was found in 90.63% of the total samples collected from all 3 hosts. This major profile was identical to the one detected in the same area 16 years ago. The rest of the 6 profiles, each represented by only 1 isolate, did not correspond to any of the profiles previously reported. All the profiles detected in the study belonged to the Asian cluster. Meanwhile, according to sequence analysis of the 758 bp cox1 region, 4 haplotypes all assigned to the Asian clade were detected among the isolates. A star-like haplotype network was exhibited with a centrally positioned haplotype found in 93.75% of the samples. The overall haplotype and nucleotide diversities were both low. These findings provided evidence for a founder event or bottleneck and subsequent population expansion in E. multilocularis. The EmsB profiles were not fully consistent with the cox1 haplotypes. The same correspondence relationship was mainly observed in samples with the major profile P5 and the main haplotype EmHa1. A total of 54 isolates assigned to profile P5 were classified to the EmHa1 haplotype. In conclusion, both the microsatellite and mtDNA markers showed low variability within the Tibetan population of E. multilocularis. An EmsB profile and a cox1 haplotype were found to be predominant in the study area, which appears to remain steady for over a decade. The results reinforce the higher potential of the microsatellite DNA marker with high discriminative power to identify the very low genetic polymorphism of E. multilocularis than that of the partial cox1 sequencing. The data obtained in the study would be helpful to enlarge the data pool to further probe the possible origins and dispersal of E. multilocularis in China.

In order to improve the test efficiency and test accuracy of the engineering stability control system, a automated test system solution for the stability control system based on distributed collaborative testing and virtual device communication is proposed, which can adapt to different test situations including multiple stability control stations and single stability control station. The paper introduces the principles and implementation methods of the four key technologies which used in the stability control system test system in detail: wireless collaborative testing technology, virtual simulation of stability control device technology, test case generation technology and test report generation technology. Then a detailed explanation about the realization process of the key technology is introduced through the stability control engineering examples.

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is a global zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus larvae. This disease is highly endemic in Sichuan Province, China. This study investigates the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province, geared towards providing a future reference for the development of precise prevention and control strategies. Methods Human prevalence of echinococcosis was evaluated using the B-ultrasonography diagnostic method in Sichuan Province between 2016 and 2019. All data were collected, collated, and analyzed. A spatial distribution map was drawn to intuitively analyze the spatial distribution features. Eventually, the spatial autocorrelation was specified and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) clustering map was drawn to investigate the spatial aggregation of echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province. Results The prevalence of echinococcosis in humans of Sichuan Province was 0.462%, among which the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 0.221%, while that of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) was 0.244%. Based on the results of the spatial distribution map, a predominance of echinococcosis in humans decreased gradually from west to east and from north to south. The Global Moran’s I index was 0.77 (Z = 32.07, P < 0.05), indicating that the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans was spatially clustered, exhibiting a significant spatial positive correlation. Further, the findings of local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the “high–high” concentration areas were primarily located in some townships in the northwest of Sichuan Province. However, the “low–low” concentration areas were predominantly located in some townships in the southeast of Sichuan Province. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans of Sichuan Province follows a downward trend, suggesting that the current prevention and control work has achieved substantial outcomes. Nevertheless, the prevalence in humans at the township level is widely distributed and differs significantly, with a clear clustering in space. Therefore, precise prevention and control strategies should be formulated for clusters, specifically strengthening the “high–high” clusters at the township level. Graphic Abstract

旨在探索粪便样本分析对犬科动物物种鉴别的方法及其可行性,同时对野外犬科动物棘球绦虫感染情况进行调查.采用哺乳动物线粒体DNA控制区通用引物对101份采集自野外环境的犬科动物粪便DNA进行PCR扩增和测序,通过核苷酸位点变异分析、BLAST相似性比对、遗传距离分析和系统进化树构建,对粪样来源物种进行分子鉴别.同时,采用粪-抗原ELISA检测,对粪样棘球绦虫感染情况进行调查.结果 表明:粪样来源物种鉴别的检测成功率为73.27％,获得的74条序列共定义单倍型20个,所有单倍型序列均可在GenBank数据库中匹配到单一物种,序列相似度为98.52％～100％.单倍型根据序列差异可分为4个单倍型集,各单倍型集间平均碱基差异为17.83～70.10,各单倍型集内单倍型碱基差异在1～10个之间.各集合间遗传距离为0.068～0.342,远大于各集合内单倍型间遗传距离0.009～0.022.系统进化分析结果显示,同一集合的单倍型以高自展值聚集成一支.综合各项分析结果,可推测所检测粪样宿主来源分别为犬、灰狼、赤狐和红狐.粪-抗原ELISA检测发现阳性样本11份,样本棘球绦虫抗原阳性率为10.89％.综上表明:线粒体DNA控制区序列分析可用于犬科动物的分子鉴别,可结合核基因等其他分子标记进一步提升检测准确率.研究区域野外犬科动物棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率较高.

目的 了解四川省棘球蚴病人群患病的变化情况.方法 分别于2012年(以下简称"第1次")采用分层抽样调查和2015-2018年(以下简称"第2次")采用普查方法调查四川省35个棘球蚴病流行县人群患病情况.结果 第1次调查112605人,确诊患者1311例,患病率为1.16％;第2次调查2744413人,确诊患者11924例,患病率为0.43％,两次调查均以甘孜州患病率最高,分别为1.59％(925/58121)和0.95％(10754/2744413);两次调查人群男女构成及年龄分布,存在一定差异,差异均有统计学意义(性别构成比:x2=203.338,P＜0.001;年龄分布:x2=14619.868,P＜0.001);第1次调查人群患病主要以CE为主,CE、AE标化患病率分别为0.84％和0.26％,第2次调查人群患病以AE为主,CE、AE患病率分别为0.21％(5737/2744413)和0.23％(6262/2744413),不同病灶类型棘球蚴病患病率均明显下降(CE:x2=10361.32,P＜0.001;AE:x2=59.142,P＜0.001);第1次调查男性和女性标化患病率分别为0.47％和0.65％,第2次调查男性和女性患病率分别为0.36％(4882/1353375)和0.5％(7012/1391038);不同性别棘球蚴病患病率均明显下降(男性:x2=3591.11,P＜0.001;女性:x2=4711.20,P＜0.001);两次调查均以0～19岁组患病率最低,分别为0.89％和0.15％,60～ 79组最高,分别为1.95％和0.83％,各年龄组人群棘球蚴病患病率均明显下降.结论 由于诊断水平的提高和防治项目的 强力实施,四川省棘球蚴病患者得到有效的诊治,人群患病情况有了较大的改善.

目的探索适用于预测四川省新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率的模型,为制定"十四五"棘球蚴病防治规划和策略提供科学依据。方法收集四川省2007—2020年每年新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率数据,分别建立ARMA时间序列模型和灰色系统GM （1,1）模型,对2021—2023年新发现棘球蚴病患者的检出情况进行预测,同时采用判定系数、平均绝对误差和均方误差等指标比较2种模型的拟合和预测效果。结果ARMA模型分析结果显示,2017—2020年检出率拟合值和实际值的误差分别为12.44、 26.04和33.30,预测2021、 2022和2023年四川省新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率分别为50.14/10万、 50.04/10万和49.99/10万;GM （1,1）模型分析结果显示,2017—2020年检出率拟合值和实际值的误差分别为6.51、 2.94和-1.20,预测2021、 2022和2023年四川省新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率分别为20.55/10万、 17.65/10万和15.77/10万。对两种模型进行拟合效果评价结果显示,GM （1,1）模型的预测效果优于ARMA模型。结论可采用GM （1,1）模型预测四川省未来新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率变化趋势,预测的检出率呈现出下降趋势,但仍有新病例检出,需继续加强棘球蚴病的综合防治,巩固防治成果。

The correctness of security control system strategy is very important to ensure the stability of power system. Aiming at the problem that the current security control strategy verification method is not enough to match the increasingly complex large power grid, this paper proposes a cyclic verification method of security control system strategy table based on constraints and whole process dynamic simulation. Firstly, the method is improved based on the traditional security control strategy model to make the strategy model meet certain generalization ability; And on the basis of this model, the cyclic dynamic verification of the strategy table is realized based on the constraint conditions and the whole process dynamic simulation, which not only ensures the high accuracy of strategy verification for the security control strategy of complex large power grid, but also ensures that the power system is stable and controllable. Finally, based on a certain regional power system, the optimal verification of strategy table verification experiment is realized. The experimental results show that the average processing time of the proposed method is 10.32s, and it can effectively guarantee the controllability and stability of power grid.

目的 探讨针对性健康教育措施对四川省藏区学生的棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率、健康行为形成率的干预效果,为实行棘球蚴病分类健康教育提供参考依据.方法 选择道孚县八美镇、龙灯乡中心小学所有在校学生作为干预组,七美乡、鲜水镇中心小学所有在校学生作为对照组.2016-2020年,对照组学生进行常规的棘球蚴病健康教育,干预组学生在常规健康教育的基础上实施特色干预工作.每年度按照随机抽样方法,抽取每所学校3～6年级每年级学生各150名作为调查对象.采用问卷调查的方式评估学生棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率.结果 干预前(2016年),干预组和对照组学生的棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率分别为77.0％、74.3％,健康行为形成率分别为68.5％、70.6％,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).采取干预措施后,干预组和对照组学生的防治知识知晓率和行为形成率均较干预前有提高,从2017年的82.8％、71.9％分别增加至2020年的93.1％和85.5％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05),且干预组的效果更优;两组学生知晓率差异在于预后第1年(2017年,干预组82.8％和对照组77.4％)开始有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05),而行为形成率差异在第2年(2018年,干预组78.5％和对照组75.1％)开始有统计学意义(P＜0.05),行为形成有滞后效应.对照组学生各年度间的防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),干预组的防治知识知晓率在2016-2019各年度之间、行为形成率在2017-2019各年度之间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).干预组的防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率在2019-2020年度间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),说明干预措施已取得较稳定的干预效果.分层分析结果显示,经过连续4年的健康教育,2020年男生和女生的观察组与对照组间防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);3～6年级各年级的观察组与对照组间防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);汉族和藏族的观察组与对照组间防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05),而其他民族的两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).女生的观察组与对照组间健康行为形成率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);四～六年级各年级的观察组与对照组间健康行为形成率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);藏族和汉族的观察组与对照组间健康行为形成率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);男生、三年级和其他民族的两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 针对性健康教育措施有助于学生提高对棘球蚴病的认知水平,促进形成健康行为习惯.

目的 了解降低流浪犬密度对小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染情况的影响.方法 于2016年4月-2020年6月,采取聘请专业捕犬人员或由公安部门搜捕流浪犬等办法在石渠县全县范围内全年搜捕流浪犬并进行集中管理(实施安乐死).2015-2020年,每年1次从石渠县境内的国营牧场驾车至尼呷镇(乡) (行驶距离130.5 km),沿公路观察两侧视野范围内的流浪犬,记录沿途流浪犬数量.按流浪犬数量(只)/行驶距离(km)计算流浪犬密度.分别于2016年7月、2020年7-8月,于石渠县俄多玛、温波、宜牛、虾扎、尼呷、蒙宜、格孟等乡(镇)捕捉小型哺乳类动物,现场剖检获取脏器带回实验室,取疑似棘球蚴病灶组织提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1(cox1),测序并在GenBank中进行BLAST比对以明确棘球绦虫虫种.根据PCR检测及测序比对结果计算小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染率.率的95％置信区间采用Clopper&Pearson精确法进行计算,感染率的比较采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法进行分析.结果 2016年4月-2020年6月,石渠县全县累计搜捕并集中管理流浪犬41446只,每年集中管理流浪犬数量分别为26570、4377、5656、4100、743只.2015-2020年,石渠县的流浪犬密度分别为0.80、0.04、0.06、0.04、0.05和0.05只/km.2016年7月,共捕获小型哺乳类动物261只,其中鼠兔192只,田鼠69只.PCR检测结果显示,棘球蚴阳性14只,其中田鼠8只,鼠兔6只;田鼠多房棘球蚴感染率为11.6％ (8/69,95％CI:5.1％～21.6％);鼠兔多房棘球蚴感染率和石渠棘球蚴感染率均为1.6％ (3/192,95％CI:0.3％～4.5％).2020年7-8月,共捕获小型哺乳类动物270只,其中田鼠223只,鼠兔47只,PCR检测结果显示,田鼠多房棘球蚴感染率为0.5％(1/223,95％CI:0～2.5％);鼠兔未检测到棘球蚴感染.2020年石渠县田鼠多房棘球蚴感染率较2016年显著下降(P＜0.01),鼠兔多房棘球蚴感染率及石渠棘球蚴感染率均有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在流浪犬具有重要流行病学意义的多房棘球蚴病流行区,控制流浪犬可显著降低田鼠多房棘球蚴感染率.

目的 了解四川省非流行县棘球蚴病报告病例的人群分布情况及流行病学特点.方法 收集2015-2019年四川省非流行县(市、区)常住人口中棘球蚴病报告病例的基本信息、病例类型及流行病学史,用WPS Excel 2019软件创建数据库,并对流行情况进行分析.结果 收集2015-2019年四川省148个非流行县棘球蚴病报告病例共计165例,分布于14个市(州)的57个县(区).2016年报告病例数最多,为40例,随后逐年减少.病例数以成都市最多,为61例(占37.0％).来自乡(镇)的报告病例数为114例(占69.1％).各年龄组人群均有发病,41 ～60岁年龄组报告病例数占比最高,为52.7％ (87/165).男性103例,女性62例,男女性别比为1.7:1.职业分布以农民和工人报告病例数较多,分别为58例和28例,占52.1％ (86/165).报告病例中细粒棘球蚴病和多房棘球蚴病病例数分别为55例(占33.3％)和34例(占20.6％),未分型76例.在追踪到的119例病例中,62.2％ (74/119)有棘球蚴病流行区到访史;其中29例到访过四川本省流行县,到访四川省外流行区最多的地区为新疆(20例)和西藏(15例).结论 2015-2019年四川省非流行县棘球蚴病报告病例主要来自成都市、乡(镇)、男性、41～60岁年龄组、农民等人群,大部分有新疆、西藏等棘球蚴病流行区到访史.

为提高棘球蚴病人群筛查质量和患者管理水平,四川省基于服务器/客户端模式,设计筛查、首诊、随访及远程会诊等4个模块,以人脸生物学识别为基础,建立了棘球蚴病全民筛查管理系统,通过人脸识别技术实现了受检者信息固化、远程超声会诊,并通过系统对数据实现快速录入、便捷查询统计和有效管理.本系统的开发,满足了卫生部门对棘球蚴病筛查及患者信息的管理需求,实现了专家对基层医务人员远程技术指导和对棘球蚴病患者的远程辅助诊断.

目的 本研究旨在构建包虫病综合防治措施实施中的障碍因素指标体系,以探寻重要障碍因素,为推进包虫病综合防治的可持续性发展提供决策依据.方法 通过文献分析和选题小组访谈法初步构建障碍因素指标体系,选择23位专家进行两轮德尔菲专家咨询,用Excel 2019与SPSS 21.0软件对相关数据进行统计描述及分析,采用界值法结合专家意见对指标进行筛选,使用SAS 9.8统计软件,利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,形成四川省包虫病综合防治策略实施的障碍因素指标体系.结果 专家防治工作年限为14.5士8.3年,权威系数为0.91,两轮专家咨询积极系数分别为86.9％、100％,意见协调系数分别为0.207(P＜ 0.001)、0.183(P＜ 0.001),最终得到包括5个一级指标、10个二级指标、43个三级指标的障碍因素指标体系.构建有效的判断矩阵(CR ＜0.10),计算各层指标的权重,三级指标"政府的领导与支持程度有待提高""各部门联防联控机制、合作力度和协调能力不够""犬管理不规范、不完善、力度不大,流浪犬数量大"组合权重最高.结论 构建了较科学、可靠的包虫病综合防治障碍因素指标体系,显示不同防治措施实施过程中均遇到问题.目前防控工作进一步开展的重点与难点是组织管理、部门协调机制、家犬和流浪犬的管制.