The purified polysaccharides fraction, DOP-2, was prepared from Dioscorea opposita Thunb (D. opposita). This study combined in vitro and in vivo experiments to comprehensively investigate the index changes in RAW264.7 cells and immunocompromised mice under DOP-2 intervention, aiming to elucidate the potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of DOP-2. DOP-2 (10 similar to 500 mu g/mL) significantly elevated the levels of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) factors secreted by RAW264.7 cells, and restored the body weight of immunosuppressed mice and improve the degree of injury to the immune organ index, resulting in significant immunomodulatory effects. Notably, DOP-2 promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in immunosuppressed mice and modulated the composition of their gut microflora. These findings highlight the potential benefits of DOP-2 therapy in improving immune function and gut health, and will provide a theoretical basis for the application of D. opposita polysaccharides as an immunomodulatory adjuvant.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have important biological functions, such as antioxidation, immunomodulatory, and hypolipidemic functions. Different extraction methods have effects on their structures and activities. In this study, six extraction methods, including hot water extraction (HWE), alkali extraction (AAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and freeze-thaw-assisted extraction (FAE) were used to extract PSPs, and their structure-activity relationships were analyzed. The results showed that all six PSPs had similar functional group compositions, thermal stability, and glycosidic bond compositions. PSP-As (PSPs extracted by AAE) exhibited better rheological properties due to their higher molecular weight (Mw). PSP-Es (PSPs extracted by EAE) and PSP-Fs (PSPs extracted by FAE) had better lipid-lowering activity due to their lower Mw. PSP-Es and PSP-Ms (PSPs extracted by MAE), which do not contain uronic acid and have a moderate Mw, had better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical-scavenging activity. On the contrary, PSP-Hs (PSPs extracted by HWE) and PSP-Fs, with the Mw of uronic acid, had the best OH-radical-scavenging activity. The high-Mw PSP-As had the best Fe2+-chelating ability. In addition, mannose (Man) may play an important role in the immunomodulatory activity. These results indicate that different extraction methods affect the structure and biological activity of polysaccharides to varying degrees, and these results are helpful for understanding the structure-activity relationship of PSPs.

目的 研究祁白芷多糖的脱色工艺及抗氧化活性.方法 采用活性炭脱色法、双氧水脱色法及大孔树脂脱色法3种脱色方法对祁白芷多糖进行脱色,以脱色率和多糖保留率为考察标准.通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)、羟基(hydroxyl radical,·OH)自由基以及还原能力的测定,对比祁白芷多糖的脱色前后抗氧化活性.结果 对比3种脱色方法,选择脱色效果较优的大孔树脂脱色法,通过正交实验设计得出大孔树脂脱色法的最优条件为:多糖与大孔树脂湿重的质量比为1:25、脱色温度为20℃、调节pH为6、脱色时间3 h,在此条件下,多糖脱色率为56.22％,多糖保留率为75.34％.且脱色前后的祁白芷多糖均具有一定的抗氧化活性.结论 大孔树脂脱色法对祁白芷多糖的脱色效果较于其他两种的更优,且脱色前的祁白芷多糖抗氧化活性优于脱色后的.为改善祁白芷多糖的外观和将其开发为抗氧化剂提供了前期基础.

The study aimed to select the best extraction technology of Angelica dahurica polysaccharides (ADP), characterize its structure, and antioxidant activity. On the basis of the single-factor experiment result, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of ADP was ameliorate using the response surface method. The optimal conditions were: extraction time 32 min, extraction temperature 74°C, ratio of water to material 19 mL/g, extraction power 270 W. The practical extraction rate was 11.21 ± 0.12% (g/g). C-1: Not clear?? g/s??? ADP was purified by column chromatography, and then three polysaccharide fractions (ADP-H, ADP-0.1 and ADP-0.3) were obtained using DEAE-Cellulose 52. The ADP was mainly composed of D-Mannose, D-Glucose, D-Galactose, L-Arabinose, the ADP-H was mainly composed of D-Mannose, D-Glucose, D-Galactose, L-Arabinose, the ADP-0.1 was mainly composed of D-Mannose, D-Galacturonic acid, D-Glucose, D-Galactose, L-Arabinose, and the ADP-0.3 was mainly composed of D-Mannose, L-Rhamnose, D-Galacturonic acid, D-Galactoe, L-Arabinose. The molecular weights of ADP-H, ADP-0.1 and ADP-0.3 were 1.01 × 104 Da, 1.45 × 107 Da and 6.96 × 106 Da. In addition, the purified polysaccharides have certain scavenging ability of DPPH free radical, hydroxyl free radical and ferric reducing power, which can be used as natural products of antioxidants.

浸渍标本可以保持植物原有的形状和基本特征,且识别不受季节限制,在实践教学、科学研究中具有重要的作用.本研究综述了绿色植物、白色花绿叶植物、黄色花绿叶植物和红色花(紫红色花)绿色植物的浸渍标本保存液的配制及其保存时间,以期为浸渍植物标本的新型环保保存液配制方法提供思路及参考.

The structural characteristics, rheological properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Zingiber officinale polysaccharides (ZOP) and ZOP-1 were studied. The total soluble sugar contents of ZOP and ZOP-1 were 78.6 ± 0.6 and 79.4 ± 0.4

北沙参(Radix Glehniae)来源于伞形科植物珊瑚菜(Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.)的根,是临床上常用中药.本品性甘、微苦、性微寒,归肺、胃经.有益胃生津、养阴清肺之功效,主要用于肺热燥咳、劳嗽痰血、胃阴不足、热病津伤、咽干口渴等症.研究表明,北沙参所含的主要成分有香豆素、木脂素、聚炔类、多糖类等.其中多糖类成分为其活性成分之一,多糖类成分含量最高,具有抗氧化、降血糖和调节机体免疫等功能.北沙参多糖主要通过以下3方面发挥对免疫系统的调节作用:①对免疫系统和器官的作用.北沙参多糖对可使甲亢型阴虚小鼠体质量明显增加,显著增强甲亢型阴虚小鼠脾NK细胞杀伤率和T淋巴细胞转化功能,提高血清IgM和IgG含量,增强非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能;采用小鼠碳粒廓清实验得到北沙参多糖有增强小鼠吞噬碳粒的K值以及α指数的作用;北沙参多糖可改善环磷酰胺引起的小鼠脾指数下降,进而实现对小鼠免疫功能的调控.②体外对免疫细胞的作用.北沙参多糖对脾淋巴细胞的增殖具有促进作用,且呈一定的剂量依赖性.另外北沙参多糖可增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,并促进分泌IL-6和TNF-α的能力,促进一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达水平,iNOS的提高进而诱导细胞产生NO.③对免疫分子的作用.北沙参多糖对荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的促进作用和对TNF-α和IFN-γ分泌的增强作用与其能激活TLR4有关;其机制可能是多糖通过与巨噬细胞表面的TLR4结合,再经P38/MAPK信号转导途径激活下游NF-κB,从而促进TNF-α的产生.另外北沙参多糖可与巨噬细胞表面CR3结合后,可激活PI3K和MAPK信号通路,促进炎症因子的生成,发挥其免疫调控作用.综上,北沙参多糖对机体免疫系统的调控作用具有多靶点和普遍存在于特异性及非特异性免疫激活过程的各个环节的特点,免疫调控机制主要是通过靶向作用于免疫细胞表面Toll样受体、补体受体等受体分子,激活MAPK和NF-κB等下游信号通路,促进NO,TNF-α,IL-6及IFN-γ等细胞因子的分泌表达,进而调控免疫系统发挥免疫调控活性.