为筛选适合防治扶桑根基腐烂病的杀菌剂,在9种杀菌剂对扶桑根基腐烂病病原菌-变红镰刀菌(Fusarium incarnatum)室内生物活性测定的基础上,选择效果较好和中等的药剂进行田间试验.室内试验结果表明,75％肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂对扶桑根部腐烂病菌的室内抑菌作用最强,EC50值为0.0030 μg/mL;其次是20％抑霉唑水乳剂,EC50值为0.0191 μg/mL;325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂和60％唑醚代森联水分散粒剂抑菌效果中等.上述四种药剂田间试验结果发现,75％肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂1 500倍液和20％抑霉唑水乳剂1 000倍液,对扶桑根基腐烂病的防治效果均在70％以上,显著高于其它两种药剂.建议生产实际中,可选择肟菌·戊唑醇或抑霉唑作为扶桑根基腐烂病的防治药剂进行推广应用.

2020年6月,以广西南宁市、崇左市扶绥县、百色市田阳区的原生天桃木Mangifera persiciformis为研究对象,采用PacBio第三代高通量测序技术,对天桃木土壤细菌群落多样性进行了研究,并通过测定土壤化学性质,分析天桃木土壤优势细菌群落与土壤化学因子的关系.结果表明:在门水平上,共存在23门细菌,其中变形菌门Proteobacteria和酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota是4个样地土壤的优势菌门;在属水平上,共鉴定出118属细菌,其中Vicinamibacter、疣微菌属Pedosphaera、硝化螺旋菌属Nitrospira为4个样地土壤的优势菌属;在种水平上,共鉴定出123种细菌,其中酸杆菌Vicinamibacter silvestris、疣微菌Pedosphaera parvula、芽单胞菌Gemmatimonas sp.、土生单胞菌Terrimonas sp.为4个样地土壤的优势菌种.冗余分析结果显示,土壤pH、速效K含量和有效P含量对细菌群落门水平和属水平组成影响较大,土壤pH、有效P含量、全P含量对细菌群落种水平组成影响较大.

为减少泥炭用量,拓宽绿化废弃物资源化利用的途径,以绿化废弃物堆肥、泥炭、粗沙和珍珠岩为基质成分的原料,按照不同的体积比复配22个配方,在夏季高温期对朱槿扦插育苗基质配方进行筛选.结果表明:基质中绿化废物堆肥添加比例为10％～30％时,对高温期朱槿扦插成活率和生根效果有明显的改善作用.体积比为园林绿化废弃物:V泥炭:V珍珠岩=1:5:4(T9)的基质配方比较理想,可在朱槿夏季高温期育苗生产上应用.

以南宁市新建城市绿地为研究对象,测定pH、有机质、有效养分含量等土壤理化指标,采用内梅罗指数法评价土壤肥力状况.结果表明,土壤质地主要是壤质土壤和黏壤质土壤,pH以中性(pH 6.5～7.5)为主,容重平均为1.14 g/cm3,CEC(阳离子交换量)平均为12.72 cmol(+)/kg;土壤有机质(均值31.54 g/kg)、碱解氮(均值110.24 mg/kg)1～4级均有分布,有效磷(均值43.4 mg/kg)达2级以上、含量较高的水平,速效钾(均值59.21 mg/kg)全部处于4级、含量中下的水平.内梅罗综合肥力指数分析表明,南宁市新建绿地土壤肥力指数在1.19～1.78,处于中上水平.建议后期绿化养护重视绿地土壤天然有机物的补给,促进城市土壤生态系统的良性循环.

[目的]研究绿化植物废弃物堆肥对高速公路绿地土壤持水量和肥力的影响.[方法]以主成分权重法构建综合评价函数(SQI)对土壤肥力特征和持水能力进行综合评价.[结果]绿化废弃物堆肥能明显改善土壤的持水能力,增加有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,降低土壤密度和pH.土壤综合评价以堆肥施用量为30015.0 kg/hm2的效果最好.[结论]绿化植物废弃物堆肥对提高高速公路土壤质量、降低养护费用有积极作用,也有利于改善区域生态环境.建议连续多年施用绿化废弃物堆肥改良土壤,每次施用量控制在30015.0 kg/hm2以内,减少化肥的使用.

为探究广西扁桃适生区土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征及其对环境因子的响应,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对广西南宁、百色等扁桃适生区的土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)及环境因素进行研究.结果表明,广西扁桃适生区土壤有机质的矿化作用慢,但土壤P表现为净矿化,具有较高的有效性.土壤C︰P、N︰P主要受TP含量影响.冗余分析结果显示,前2个排序轴反映了土壤C、N、P化学计量特征变异信息量的84.94％,解释率为:海拔>pH>年均温度>年均降雨量.海拔和土壤pH显著影响土壤C、N、P化学计量特征.

朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis),又名扶桑、佛桑、大红花、赤槿、桑槿、红木槿,为锦葵科木槿属常绿灌木或小乔木.其花型娇美,花色艳丽,不仅是斐济、苏丹、马来西亚等国的国花,同时也是我国广西省南宁市、云南省玉溪市以及台湾省高雄市的市花.在南宁,朱槿作为一种重要的园林绿化树种,被栽植于街道、公园、花坛及庭院[1].目前国内外关于朱槿病害的研究较少,国外曾报道过Choanephora infundib-ulifera[2]、Sclerotium rolfsii[3]、Phyllosticta dioscore-ae[4]等病原真菌及Pseudomonas syringae pv.hi-bisci[5]等细菌对朱槿的为害.国内针对朱槿真菌性病害研究较少,报道最多、研究最为深入的是朱槿曲叶病[6,7].

为了研究朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.)对干旱胁迫的响应,以朱槿盆栽幼苗为材料,进行干旱胁迫及复水试验,并对朱槿相关的生理指标进行测定.结果表明,叶片叶绿素随干旱胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势,渗透调节物质、丙二醛(MDA)、保护酶(POD、SOD)活性均随干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加,复水后有所恢复,但都没有完全恢复到胁迫前的水平.综上,朱槿的自身调节能力较好,对干旱胁迫有较好的适应能力.

以朱槿品种‘紫牡丹’为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了苗期重度干旱胁迫及复水对其根系生理特性的影响,并运用高通量测序技术分析干旱胁迫及复水下朱槿根际土壤微生物多样性的变化特征.结果 显示:与正常处理(CK)相比,重度干旱胁迫及复水处理(T2)的总根长、根表面积及根尖数等根系生长指标呈现显著减少的结果,但与重度干旱胁迫(T1)处理相比,均显著增加.通过对朱槿根际土壤样品中细菌群落结构的研究发现,属分类水平上,厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolineaceae),酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)、酸微菌属(Acidimicrobiales)、幽门螺杆菌属(Sphaerobacter)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等是不同处理土壤样品中的优势菌群.T1处理下的嗜青霉属(Algiphilus)、奥利螺旋菌属(Aureispira)、绿线菌属(Chloronema)、扁棒壳属(Acrospermum)为不同处理下的特殊细菌.真菌方面,属的分类水平上发现,粪壳菌属(Sordariale)、散囊菌属(Eurotiales)、拟青霉属(Pseudallescheria)、格孢腔菌属(Pleosporales)、枝孢霉属(Cladosporium)等是不同处理土壤样品中的优势菌群;T1和T2处理下的样品中,侧角藻属(Goniomonas)、齿盘菌属(Lamprospora)和索罗迪夫斯菌属(Sorodiplophrys)为不同处理下的特殊真菌属.其中,有促生作用的细菌如酸微菌属(Acidimicrobium)、厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolineaceae)嗜青霉属(Algiphilus)以及具有一定生防作用真菌如拟青霉属(Pseudallescheria)、枝孢霉属(Cladosporium)等均可以合理的应用在农业生产中,为植物的抗干旱胁迫以及提高朱槿在干旱胁迫下的水分利用做出贡献.

为研究蒸腾抑制剂对扁桃水分利用效率以及茎流速率的影响,用14种蒸腾抑制剂对扁桃幼苗进行处理,通过CI-340光合系统测定扁桃的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,从而得出不同叶面处理的扁桃平均水分利用效率,筛选出效果最优的叶面处理方式.将最优的叶面处理方式应用于扁桃树上,测定其茎流速率的变化.结果表明,'坪安'蒸腾抑制剂对提高扁桃的水分利用效率最佳,但喷施蒸腾抑制剂对降低扁桃茎流速率的效果不明显.日变化曲线测定结果表明,扁桃净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化均呈现明显的"双峰"曲线,具有"午休"现象.晴天扁桃茎流速率日变化表现为双峰曲线,多云天气则表现为多峰曲线.

[Objective]Daylight change rule and the influence of different light qualities on flowering and other physio-logical indicators of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.were studied to provide technical reference for B.spectabilis flowe-ring regulation.[Method]With Brilliant Red Bougainvillea as experimental material,physiological indicators such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)were determined every hour on a summer day under natural lighting con-ditions in Nanning.The daily variation dynamic figure was drew.Treated by purple,red and white light qualities and natu-ral light,flower number,new branch length,chlorophyll content were determined after 45 d and 70 d of light irradiation. The effects of different light qualities on physiological indicators of B.spectabilis were analyzed.[Result]Daily variation of Pnand Trpresented asymmetric bimodal curve with obvious midday depression phenomenon.After 45 days and 70 d of purple light treatment,the flower numbers were 171 and 23,increase rates were 612.50% and 2200.00% respectively.At the same time,the chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,and chlorophyll a+b content were greatly higher than other groups.The effects of B.spectabilis flowers treated by these light qualities were as follows:purple light>red light>white light>natural light.After 45 days and 70 days light irradiation,new branch growth of B.spectabilis in all treatments were inhibited.In purple light treatment,after 45 d and 70 d,new branch lengths were 12.34 and 10.55 cm,growth rates were-32.34% and-6.88% respectively,which were largely lower than other groups.Therefore,the inhibition effects of purple light treatment was the most obvious.[Conclusion]Under natural lighting conditions of summer day in Nanning,Brilliant Red Bougainvillea has obvious midday depression feature.Purple light is more favorable to the growth and the synthesis of chlorophyll.After using purple light to process B. spectabilis in production,the flower number at full-bloom stage in in-creased,flowering period is prolonged,new branch grows less and its ornamental value is promoted.

为提高三角梅的观赏品质,以四年生盆栽艳红三角梅为试验材料,研究光质、生长调节剂和紫光+生长调节剂对其生理指标及开花的影响.结果表明:紫光、红光、白光及自然光作用下,紫光更有利于三角梅叶绿素的合成,促进花芽的形成,提升花卉观赏价值;多效唑、赤霉素、缩节胺及矮壮素4种调节剂药后45 d,750 mg·kg-1多效唑表现最好,开花数达到116.67朵;紫光+750 mg·kg-1多效唑,能有效促进植株叶绿素的合成,叶绿素含量达到51.23 mg·g-1,互作效果明显,三角梅开花数量达到146.00朵,显著高于CK.

With bare root seedlings as the experimental materials of Mangifera persiciformis, used 6 rooting agents including Genpan, autogamy rooting agent 1, autogamy rooting agent 2, Gentaiyang, Gensilin and Sushenggen to treat them. The rooting rate and growth rate were calculated based on the number of rooting, root number, average root length and average root diameter in order to analyze the influence of different rooting agents on M. persiciformis. The results were as follows: Treated after 20 d, soak the seedlings under Genpan(250 mg/L) , Gentaiyang(10 mg/L) , Gentaiyang(20 mg/L ) for 2 h , and autogamy rooting agent 1(1000 mg/L) was dipped for 10 s, which had the best rooting rate (about 100 per cent); dip the seedlings under autogamy rooting agent 1(1000 mg/L) for 10 s, and the root number of 37 was considered the best; soak the seedlings under Genpan(250 mg/L) for 2 h, and the root length of 4.38 cm was considered the best; dip the seedlings under autogamy rooting agent 1(1000 mg/L) for 10 s, and the root diameter of 1.27 mm was considered the best. Principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results showed that autogamy rooting agent 1(1000 mg/L) dipped for 10 s was best.

调查了南宁市公园、道路(绿地)2种生境内乔木、灌木和草坪植物3种植被类型的红火蚁活蚁巢密度、发生程度和危害占比,及129种园林植物红火蚁的筑巢率.结果表明:红火蚁发生危害程度为公园生境大于道路(绿地)生境;草坪大于乔木大于灌木.乔木根部有红火蚁筑巢的种类占调查总种类数的44.73％,筑巢率最高的为幌伞枫Heteropanax fragrans(Roxb.)Seem.,达29.17％;灌木根部有红火蚁筑巢的种类占调查总种类数的35.85％,筑巢率最高的为苏铁Cycas revoluta Thunb.,为7.14％.

[目的]测定氯嘧磺隆与2甲4氯钠盐对香附子的联合毒力,确定单剂及混用剂量作用范围,优化最佳配比,为氯嘧磺隆与2甲4氯混剂研发及其高效防控农田恶性杂草香附子提供科学依据.[方法]将2种除草剂按不同比例进行配制,采用叶面定量喷雾法室内测定不同配比混剂在不同用药量下对盆栽香附子鲜质量的影响,采用DPS软件分析抑制中量(ED50),采用等效线法进行联合毒力评价.[结果]不同配比混剂处理对香附子的鲜质量抑制率与用药量及时间成正相关.药后20d,氯嘧磺隆单剂超高剂量和混合药剂高剂量处理区植株心叶基部变褐色,整株开始死亡,药后30d不同配比处理间差异显著.[结论]在控制条件下,经过多水平预测、实测及分析,氯嘧磺隆与2甲4氯钠混配防治香附子具有明显的增效作用.共毒系数为2.1,氯嘧磺隆与2甲4氯钠混合最佳配比为1∶3.9.

The weed species in Ophiopogon japonicus lawn were investigated in Guangxi’s six major cities during 2014 and 2015 and the chemical control effects were also evaluated.The results showed that there were 107 weed species belonging to 30 families.Among them,22 species belong to the family Compositae which accounts for the most (20.56%).13 species belong to the family Gramineae which accounts for the second (12.15%).15 species of weeds do serious harm to the lawn,including Bidens pilosa ,Cynodon dactylon ,Digitaria sanguinalis ,Agera-tum conyzoides ,Cyperus rotundus ,Panicum repens ,Borreria latifolia ,Paspalum paspaloides ,Centella asiatica , Solanum nigrum ,Kyllinga brevifolia ,Oxalis corymbosa ,Conyza canadensis ,Parthenium hysterophorus ,and Digitaria ciliaris .24% imazameth AS 324 g/hm2 ,75% sulfometuron-methyl WG 270 g/hm2 and 50% tebuthiuron SC 4 500 g/hm2 had the 80.37%-85.13%weed control effect and 31.69%-70.91% inhibition rate against O.japonicus . 4% nicosulfuron SC 180 g/hm2 ,20% fluroxypyr EC 360 g/hm2 +4% nicosulfuron SC 90 g/hm2 ,5% quizalofop-P-ethyl EC 90 g/hm2 +10% bispyribac-sodium WP 90 g/hm2 ,50% tebuthiuron SC 2 250 g/hm2 +20% chlorimu-ron-ethyl WP 22.5 g/hm2 ,75% sulfometuron-methyl WG 135 g/hm2 +24% oxyfluorfen EC 337.5 g/hm2 had 81.07%-96.07% weed control effect and 1.53%-8.46% inhibition rate against O .japonicus While,75% sul-fometuron-methyl WG 135 g/hm2 +24% oxyfluorfen EC 337.5 g/hm2 had the best weed control effect with the efficacy of 96.07%,and the inhibition rate against O .japonicus is 3.31%,which is suitable for the chemical con-trol of weeds in O .japonicus lawn.

[目的]筛选防除黄金榕上日本菟丝子的安全、高效除草剂,为园林菟丝子防控提供科学依据.[方法]选用20种除草剂对接种了日本菟丝子的黄金榕进行茎叶处理,分别在药后1、5、10、20、30 d调查记录日本菟丝子中毒及黄金榕药害症状;药后30 d调查不同除草剂对日本菟丝子的防效及对黄金榕的抑制率.[结果]6％菟丝特AS 30mg/L和41％草甘膦异丙胺盐AS 365 mg/L对日本菟丝子的防除效果分别达90.55％和82.14％,对黄金榕新枝生长速率抑制率分别为9.89％和10.99％,属高效且安全等级1级;5％咪唑乙烟酸AS 134 mg/L、10％双草醚SC 56 mg/L、38％莠去津SC 1265 mg/L、10％苯磺隆WP 333 mg/L、4％烟嘧磺隆SC 89 mg/L和25％啶嘧磺隆WDG 55 mg/L对日本菟丝子的防效为56.93％～73.74％,对黄金榕新枝生长抑制率为12.09％～17.58％,属中效且安全等级1级;5％精喹禾灵EC89 mg/L、12％噁草酮EC 577 mg/L、96％精异丙甲草胺EC 2131mg/L、10％苄嘧磺隆WP 18 mg/L、24％乙氧氟草醚EC427 mg/L和33％二甲戊灵EC 1835mg/L对日本菟丝子的防效为0.63％～45.38％,对黄金榕新枝生长抑制率为2.20％～25.27％,属低效或无效,安全等级为0级或1级;90％环嗪酮WP1998mg/L、48％百草敌AS 427 mg/L、72％2,4-滴丁酯EC 640 mg/L、56％2甲4氯钠盐SP 745mg/L、20％氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 356 mg/L和80％敌草隆WP 2136 mg/L对日本菟丝子的防效为63.24％～100.00％,对黄金榕新枝生长抑制率为51.65％～100.00％,属高效或中效,安全等级为3级或4级.[结论]6％菟丝特AS 30 mg/L和41％草甘膦异丙胺盐AS 365 mg/L对日本菟丝子有较高的防除效果,且安生性较高,是防除黄金榕上日本菟丝子安全、高效的理想药剂.

采用目测法与诱测法调查了南宁市城区道路绿地红火蚁发生情况,评价了4种药剂对红火蚁的防治效果.结果表明:南宁市有红火蚁为害的道路占14.49％,青秀区和新建的五象新区红火蚁发生明显重于兴宁区、西乡塘区和江南区等老城区.0.5％氟磺酰胺RG和0.5％氟虫胺RG对红火蚁控制效果明显,药后60 d工蚁减退率分别高达90.04％和88.65％,活蚁巢减退率分别为77.69％和75.57％.5.5％阿维·毒死蜱EC和2.5％高效氯氟氰菊酯EC药液灌巢处理对红火蚁快速触杀效果明显,药后20 d活蚁巢减退率分别高达90.39％和95.83％,而随着时间推移,防效显著降低,药后60 d活蚁巢减退率分别下降至67.53％和58.87％,同时,药液灌巢处理区红火蚁出现蚁群转移现象,处理区域活蚁巢新增率分别为47.00％和104.80％.最后得出南宁市城区道路绿地均有不同程度红火蚁发生为害,且新建绿化区重于老绿化区.两种饵剂控制蚁巢种群效果明显,表现为随着时间的推移,药效逐渐提高,而两种化学药剂对红火蚁种群在短期内具有较强的触杀效果,但随着施药时间延长,药效下降,且出现红火蚁群体转移现象.

【Objective】The garden plant species, dodder hosts, dodder species and distribution were investigated in Guangxi to find out the occurrence regulation for future dodder prevention and control. 【Method】From 2011 to 2013, every April to October, 16 representative cities were chosen with Nanning as the center, garden trees and groundcover plants infected with dodder were investigated by recording dodder kinds, growth stage, phytology traits and situation, as well as calculating infection rate and hazard index. 【Result】The results showed that there were 88 garden plant species in Guangxi,62 dodder hosts(Incidence rate: 70.45%), belonging to 39 families and 51 genera, among which Moraceae was the most( 6 cultivars) followed by Leguminosae and Euphorbiaceae( 5 cultivars). The dodder species were mainly Japanese dodder, Chinese dodder, Cuscuta reflexa and no root cane distributed in 16, 9, 7 and 5 cities(counties), respectively.38, 20, 15 and 11 hosts had the proportion of 61.29%, 32.25%, 24.19% and 17.74%. Nanning and Fangchenggang had the most dodder species with the presence of all the major kinds. Chinese dodder mainly endangered seed propagation,which affected buds at the late stage of every March. The other three kinds predominantly affected vine breeding, which started to grow in early April and matured in November. Hazard index order was Bayuegui, Fujian tea, dragon boat flower, Huangsumei, Flocculus banyan and African jasmine. Their hazard index was 5.48-4.01 indicating they belonged to the susceptible trees. 【Conclusion 】There were 88 species landscape plants identified in Guangxi with 62 dodder hosts belonging to 39 families and 51 genera. In Guangxi, there were Japanese dodder, Chinese dodder, Cuscuta reflexa and no root cane. Japanese dodder was the dominant type and the key control object. Every April to October was the main infection period, when proper prevention measures should be taken.

[Objective]This research aimed to analyze the dwarfing effects of paclobutrazol and CCC on hedge plant Carmona microphylla and relrvemt economic benefits in order to obtain an economical way of chemical pruning the hedge plant, reasonably using plant growth retardation, and decreasing maintenance cost of unban landscaping. [Method]The leaf area, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, and new shoot increment of Carmona microphylla were analyzed after each subject was treated with different concentrations of paclobutrazol and CCC; their mixture was used to investigate the corresponding dwarfing effects and economic benefits. [Result]The optimum combinations to create the best dwrafting effects were determined to be as follows: 600 times of CCC+600 times of paclobutrazol or 400 times of paclobutrazol. According to the large-scale experiment, spraying the above combinations three times a year to Carmona microphylla could assure excellent landscaping effect. Meanwhile, the production cost could be lowered by 29.82 yuan/m2 as opposed to not using the chemical concentration. [Conclusion]Artificially pruning Carmona microphylla could be replaced by spraying certain concentrations of paclobutrazol and CCC, as well as their mixture, which could save the cost production.