Analysis is given to facts of disagreement between some observations and traditional ideas of tectonic earthquakes and causes of aftershocks. A principally new model for an earthquake Focus and a seismic process is considered, which is based on the hypotheses below.1. Potential energy of elastic deformation is released at the earthquake focus as a result of rock deconsolidation, caused by the escape of moving dislocations from the surrounding atmospheres of dissolved impurity atoms. As the dislocations leave the atmospheres, internal stresses tau(i) which arise in crystal media under their deformation decrease in a jump. With constant deformation stress tau, created in the medium by external loads, this leads to a jump-like increase in efficient stresses tau(e) = tau - tau(i), on which the velocity of motion of dislocations upsilon(tau(e)) and rate of medium strain (gamma) over dot depend.2. Sudden escape of dislocations from atmospheres is initiated by the energy of interatomic interaction released on the moving front of a spontaneously arised discontinuity. The frequency of nucleation discontinuities (earthquakes) is directly proportional to the rate of medium strain.3. Regularities and time of restoration of the deconsolidated medium the initial (pre-earthquake) state are governed by the rate of diffusion of dissolved atoms and by the time of formation of new atmospheres around moving dislocations with a concentration corresponding to the quasi-stationary value of the rate of medium strain.