上海某垃圾填埋场填埋量大,垃圾成分环境风险高,亟需对其释放的挥发性有机物（VOCs）变化特征及相关控制方法进行深入研究。采用GC-MS测定不同季节填埋场释放的VOCs各组分浓度,对比喷洒除臭剂对VOCs的影响,并评估其环境及健康风险,以判断不同季节VOCs的首要控制污染物、臭氧生成关键污染物以及表征职业暴露风险,以期为后续有针对性地控制和去除VOCs提供技术支撑。结果表明:VOCs总浓度夏季最高,以烷烃类和醛酮类为主,其中异戊烷、丙酮是优势化合物;除臭剂对臭气、NH 3 、H 2 S有一定去除效果,但增加了填埋场VOCs的种类和浓度、臭氧生成潜势、非致癌风险与致癌风险,但都在可接受范围内。

Based on the biogas purification device in Chongming Waste Landfill Site, activated iron oxide was used for biogas purification. The effect of activated iron oxide on biogas purification was researched. By using the experimental data, it ob-tained that activated iron oxide was feasible to remove H2S in the biogas, and the content of H2S in the landfill gas can reduce to 5 mg/m3.

利用氧化钙为药剂,对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)进行去除效果实验,发现污染土壤中DMP浓度在500mg/kg时,投加1％的氧化钙就可以实现90％以上的污染物去除,投加的氧化钙对于土壤pH并没有影响.

采用MVC技术处理垃圾中转站新鲜渗沥液,清水产生率达到90％以上,出水的SS低于检测限,CODCr为158～784 mg/L,TOC为14～200 mg/L,NH3-N为2.20～3.10 mg/L,TN为4～133 mg/L,TP为0.01～0.67 mg/L,去除率依次为99.9％、95.39％～99.15％、96.18％～99.83％、76.35％～82.56％、91.41％～99.52％和91.2％～99.9％,该技术对污染物有较好的去除效果,比膜处理技术有更好的工程应用优势.

Several deodorizing strains were isolated from the sludge and leachate of Shanghai Laogang municipal solid waste disposal plant,these deodorizing strains were then made into microbial deodorizer.The removal efficiency of prepared microbial deodorizer on NH3and odor concentration from sludge and domestic wastes was studied.The microbial community structure of the deodorizer was also studied with the application of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE),and deodorizing mechanism was primarily explored.The results showed that the removal efficiency of NH3released from the sludge and domestic wastes could reach up to 30%-45% and 25%-35%after 48hours during the lab experiment.The NH3removal efficiency of microbial deodorizer was better than that of EM deodorizer.In the pilot test,0.5tof microbial deodorizer was added into 100tof sludge,and the NH3released decreased by 37.5% while the odor decreased by 19.1% after 24hours.PCR-DGGE showed that the dominant bacteria of the microbial deodorizer were Alcaligenes sp.,Bacillus sp.and Caryophanonsp.,which was much different from EM deodorizer.The Shannon-Wiener index of the microbial deodorizer was obviously higher than that of the EM deodorizer.The deodorizing mechanism of microbial deodorizer was the combination of chemical adsorption,microbial degradation and inhibition.

According to the demonstration engineering operation in Shanghai Laogang Domestic Waste Landfill Site, it was found that the methane from pipelines for the test and blank units were 2. 4% ~10% and 16% ~39%, respectively. The methane from the leachate collection wells for the test and blank units were below 1% and over 70%, respectively. And the total methane from the two ways in the test unit was 1/8~1/4 of blank one. COD degradation rate in leachate for the test and blank units were 93. 9% and 70. 5%, respectively.

Methanotrophs-bearing liquid cultivated from the aged refuse has been proved to be effective for improving methane oxidation ability of landfill cover materials, and this is significant for CH4 emission control in landfill site. Optimization of mixed-cultivation conditions of methanotrophs from the aged refuse was studied in this paper. It was demonstrated that the best inoculums mode was using supernatant liquor of the aged refuse and nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS), and the lag phase of the growth was only 37 hours. The optimum growth of methanotrophs was observed at 28~35°C. Paraffin was attested to be useful for mixed methanotrophs cultivation and the highest methane oxidation rate reached 4mL/h with paraffin added.

A pilot study of deodorant effect for domestic waste and sewage sludge using EM deodorizer was carried out.The results showed that the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from domestic waste landfill sites can meet the level III of GB 14554 standard in 1‰ EM deodorizer,which indicated that EM deodorizer was reliable and stable.Meanwhile,EM deodorizer could greatly change microorganism system and significantly improve odor for sludge,and the optimal addition of EM deodorizer was 0.3%-0.50%.

7 types of deodorant bacterial strains were obtained after separation and screening,and then were mixed to form microbial deodorizer.The effects of the microbial deodorizer on odorous compounds(H2S,NH3 and CS2) and odor concentration reduction from sludge landfill unit and domestic waste container of waste transfer station were studied.The result showed that the removal efficiency of H2S,NH3,CS2 and odor concentration can be up to 12.6%~29.7%,19.7%~56.1%,1.0%~11.1% and 57.8%~65.3% respectively for sludge landfill unit after 5 days,and the removal efficiency of H2S,NH3,CS2 and odor concentration can be reduced by 25.9%~52.8%,23.6%~60.0%,0.7%~29.7% and 25.0%~57.8% respectively for domestic waste container in 48 hours.Moreover,the concentration of VOC was also reduced effectively by microbial deodorizer for domestic waste in the container.

Acetylene has been found to significantly inhibit biological activity of methanogens and thus might be applicable for reducing the generation and emission of methane from municipal solid waste landfills. However, acetylene is gaseous and so it is considered physically infeasible to directly apply this gas to waste in landfill conditions. In the present study, a novel acetylene release mechanism was tested, using a matrix of acetylene entrapped in high hydrophobic paraffin wax and/or rosin and calcium carbide capsules with a ratio of 1.0 g g −1 matrix and a diameter of 10 mm to facilitate the gradual release of acetylene. A diffusion mechanism model ( Q = ɣ × t 0.5 ) for the matrix was derived based on the T. Higuchi equation, and the effective diffusion coefficients ( D e ) were acquired by linear fitting. Additionally, it was found that D e remained constant when the rosin content was up to more than 20% g g −1 matrix.

The surface soil at 30～60 cm,refuse at 1.5 m depth and the aged refuse at the bottom of the refuse landfill were selected for experiments on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB).It was found that SRB existed in nearly all layers of the solid waste landfill,with aged refuse at the bottom containing the most and the surface soil the least SRB.Garbage samples with a 50%:50% coarse:fine particle size proportion showed the best aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation effect,and anaerobic oxidation accounted for above 20%.Microbial activity in aged refuse and co-oxidation rate of methane reached a maximum value with a 25% moisture content.Anaerobic oxidation rate could reach more than 30% as the moisture content approached 70%.Supplementation of exogenous methane could shorten the time of aerobic oxidation by 50%.However,both aerobic and anaerobic oxidation were weakened if the amount of exogenous methane was beyond 2 mL for the 20 g aged refuse.Therefore,a new way for natural mitigation of methane in a refuse landfill is put forward based on anaerobic and aerobic co-oxidation of methane.

Notice of Retraction After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles. We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper. The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org. Methanotrophic populations performs an important function in reducing methane release in landfill site. Sprinkling methanotrophs agent can increase methanotrophs amounts in cover materials such as the aged refuse and is advantageous to improve their methane oxidation abilities. This paper demonstrated the influnece of methanotrophs agent on the methane oxidating capacity of the aged refuse and Xanthozem was evidently. Methane oxidation rate raised as the increase of methanotrophs agent addition within the range from 4% to 12%. The methane oxidating capacity of the aged refuse was much higher than that of Xanthozem: the methane oxidation rate of the aged refuse with 12% wt methanotrophs agent was close to 100% after 48 hours and that of Xanthozem was 35.9% on the same condition, and their highest methane oxidation capacities were 8.90mL/(h · g) and 2.06 mL/(h · g) after 48 hours, respectively.

Methanotrophic populations performs an important function in reducing methane release in landfill site. Sprinkling methanotrophs agent can increase methanotrophs amounts in cover materials such as the aged refuse and is advantageous to improve their methane oxidation abilities. This paper demonstrated the influnece of methanotrophs agent on the methane oxidating capacity of the aged refuse and Xanthozem was evidently. Methane oxidation rate raised as the increase of methanotrophs agent addition within the range from 4% to 12%. The methane oxidating capacity of the aged refuse was much higher than that of Xanthozem: the methane oxidation rate of the aged refuse with 12% wt methanotrophs agent was close to 100% after 48 hours and that of Xanthozem was 35.9% on the same condition, and their highest methane oxidation capacities were 8.90mL/(h • g) and 2.06 mL/(h • g) after 48 hours, respectively. © 2011 IEEE.

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were investigated. It was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not affected. Acetylene inhibited the activity of methanogens, while chloroform inhibited metabolic process of methanogenesis. A central composite design (CCD) and response surface regression analysis (RSREG) were employed to determine the optimum conditions and interaction effects of chloroform and acetylene in terms of inhibition efficiency, production of volatile fatty acids (VAF) and molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid. Chloroform had significant effect on enhancing the production of VFA (F = 121.3; p < 0.01), and acetylene promoted the inhibition efficiency (F = 99.15; p < 0.05) more effectively than chloroform (F = 9.72; p > 0.05). In addition, a maximum molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of 1.208 was estimated under the optimum conditions of chloroform concentration of 9.05 mg/kg and acetylene concentration of 3.6x10(-3) (V/V). Hence, methanogens in the wastes can be inhibited while the stabilization process of the biodegradable wastes can still work well, as propionic acid generated during the inhibition process could hardly be utilized by methanogens.

Methods of enrichment and cultivation of methanotrophs from aged refuse were studied in this paper,and cultivation optimization of methanotrophs was investigated.Experiment Results indicated: aged refuse showed obvious oxidation capacity of methane after being enriched for 14 days;the advantageous ratios of aged refuse and improved NMS culture medium for methanotrophs cultivation were proved between 0.5g∶100mL and 2g∶100mL;the appropriate pH value for methanotrophs cultivation is 7~9;in this experiment,start-up time of methanotrophs cultivation was within 2 days,and peak value of methane oxidation rate in methanotrophs cultivating appeared around the second day.

影响垃圾焚烧的重要因素是对焚烧空气量的控制,从垃圾和助燃油的组分进行分析,依据其化学反应的过程进行测算,推算出垃圾焚烧时所需的风量.并对上海浦东机场垃圾焚烧炉的实际运行数据进行验证,结果:采用此方法计算垃圾焚烧空气量与实际运行情况相吻合.