土壤环境保护与治理是构建人类美好生活,拥抱美丽家园必须破解的难题.我国土壤环境保护与治理的形势较为严峻,各类土壤污染问题较为突出,同时,土壤污染的成因存在着复杂性强,多样性高,破坏性大,危害性严重的特点,使得土壤环境保护与治理面临诸多挑战.有鉴于此,本文将论述我国土壤环境污染的现状,探析造成土壤环境污染的关键因素,并在此基础上提出土壤环境保护与治理的有效策略,以期为相关人员提供参考.

Multiple-swarm approach is a quite successful evolutionary computation framework for multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO) to solve multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). However, the main challenge of using this framework lies in the lack of leader selection, resulting in the optimal solutions being distributed loosely, as well as far away from the true Pareto-optimal front. To overcome this problem, a multi-swarm MOPSO with an adaptive multiple selection strategy (MOPSO-AMS) is investigated in this paper. This proposed MOPSO-AMS is able to guide each swarm with a suitable leader to improve the evolutionary performance. The novelties and advantages of MOPSO-AMS include the following three aspects. First, a hierarchical evolutionary state detection mechanism, based on the distribution and dominance information of non-dominated solutions, is designed to obtain the evolutionary state of current iteration. Then, the requirements of evolutionary process can be detected. Second, an adaptive multiple selection strategy, using the evolutionary state information and spatial features of candidate solutions, is developed to select leaders of sub-swarms in multiple evolutionary states. Then, suitable leaders can be selected to keep the balance between convergence and diversity. Third, an adaptive parameter adjustment mechanism, based on the dominance relationship of each particle, is introduced to further improve the evolutionary performance of MOPSO-AMS. Finally, numerical simulations and a practical application are used to validate the analytical results and demonstrate the significant improvement of MOPSO-AMS.

随着节能技术的普及,各种技术的革新层出不穷,浓盐水浓缩、蒸发技术也得到了进一步的改进,从而达到了节约成本的目的.从传统的方法到热能的回收再利用,是当前新的能源应用技术.因此,蒸汽压缩机的控制成为了浓缩盐水蒸发结晶过程中的一个重要环节.

海水淡化浓盐水反渗透浓缩技术是解决中国水资源短缺的根本措施.但是,随着我国海水淡化工业的发展,高浓度的盐水排放成为我国目前面临的一个难题.基于此,介绍了海水淡化浓盐水技术主要实验原理和处理措施,对其发展进行了简要的概括,并指出了各种工艺的发展趋势.

近年来,我国的能源消耗速度逐渐加快,为满足社会生产生活对能源的需求,相关企业开始过度开采自然资源,与此同时,各类废弃物的排放量大幅度增加,土壤污染越发严重.土壤是农业生产的根本,土壤污染会直接造成农作物污染,影响粮食产量和粮食安全.在这种情况下,科研单位需要加强对土壤污染修复技术的研究,环保部门需要推进土壤生态保护措施,确保土壤资源能够可持续利用.文章分析了我国土壤污染现状,从物理、生物、化学三个角度阐述了土壤污染修复技术,从扩大宣传、加强监管、提高绿化水平三个方面探索了土壤生态保护措施,旨在降低土壤污染,改善土壤生态.

针对煤化工产生的焦化废水具有严重污染性,故本次开展煤化工中的焦化废水污染强化活性炭处理工艺分析研究.从某煤化工厂采集水样,利用椰壳制备活性炭并通过高锰酸钾对其强化,通过强化活性炭对焦化废水实施吸附测试.结果表明:相同吸附时间下,强化活性炭投入量越大,对焦化废水的处理效果越好;不同强化活性炭投入量在早期吸附量均大幅度提升,但是后期吸附量都趋于平衡,且相差并不大.在相同强化活性炭投入量的情况下,吸附时间越长,对焦化废水的处理效果越好,但5 min的曲线一直在上涨,而10 min曲线和15 min曲线在早期相差较大,但后期相差不大.

为了提高多目标粒子群优化算法解的分布性,文中提出了一种自适应分解式多目标粒子群优化算法(Adaptive Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization based on Decomposed Archive,AMOPSO-DA).首先,设计了一种基于优化解空间分布信息的外部档案更新策略,有效提升了AMOPSO-DA的空间搜索能力;其次,提出了一种基于粒子进化方向信息的飞行参数调整方法,有效平衡了AMOPSO-DA的探索和开发能力.最后,将提出的AMOPSO-DA应用于多目标优化问题,实验结果表明,文中提出的AMOPSO-DA能够获得分布性较好的优化解.

本文通过背景分析,应用价值探求及生活垃圾综合管理的研究进展等对我国农村牧区生活垃圾收运体系的现状进行了系统阐述,通过对现状的分析就农村牧区生活垃圾收运体系管理提出新模式构建.文章从模式构建内容、模式构建方法和模式构建的突出优点等方面进行了论述,通过对新模式的研究及构建为我国农村牧区生活垃圾收运体系管理提出了新的方向.

This paper describes the Ordos City urban air quality since the creation of national environmental protection model city of the situation and made a long-term mechanism to enhance the air quality of the actual situation. Surrounding the "Create" for the city and air pollution prevention and control provides a positive reference for the role.