Many distributed database systems that guarantee high concurrency and scalability adopt read-write separation architecture. Simultaneously, these systems need to store massive amounts of data daily, requiring different mechanisms for storing and accessing data, such as hot and cold data access strategies. Unlike distributed storage systems, the distributed database splits a table into sub-tables or shards, and the request frequency of each sub-table is not the same within a specific time. Therefore, it is not only necessary to design hot-to-cold approaches to reduce storage overhead, but also cold-to-hot methods to ensure high concurrency of those systems. We present a new redundant strategy named CBase-EC, using erasure codes to trade the performances of transaction processing and storage efficiency for CBase database systems developed for financial scenarios of the Bank. Two algorithms are proposed: the hot-cold tablets (shards) recognition algorithm and the hot-cold dynamic conversion algorithm. Then we adopt two optimization approaches to improve CBase-EC performance. In the experiment, we compare CBase-EC with three-replicas in CBase. The experimental results show that although the transaction processing performance declined by no more than 6%, the storage efficiency increased by 18.4%.

传统的数据库系统围绕单次查询的模型构建,独立地执行并发查询.由于该模型的限制,传统数据库无法一次对多个查询进行优化.多查询共享技术旨在共享查询之间的公共部分,从而达到提高系统整体响应时间和吞吐量的目的.将多查询执行模式分为两类,介绍了各自的原型系统——基于全局查询计划的多查询原型系统和以运算符为中心的多查询原型系统,并且讨论了两种系统的优势以及所适用场景.在之后的内容中,将多查询共享技术按照查询的各个阶段分为查询编译阶段中的多查询共享技术以及查询执行阶段中的多查询共享技术两大类.以这两个方向为线索,梳理了多查询计划的表示方法、多查询表达式合并、多查询共享算法、多查询优化等各种方向的研究成果.在此基础上,还介绍了共享查询技术在关系数据库和非关系数据库中的应用.最后,分析了共享查询技术面临的机遇和挑战.

Edge computing, as an emerging computing paradigm, aims to reduce network bandwidth transmission overhead while storing and processing data on edge nodes. However, the storage strategies required for edge nodes are different from those for existing data centers. Erasure code (EC) strategies have been applied in some decentralized storage systems to ensure the privacy and security of data storage. Product-matrix (PM) regenerating codes (RGCs) as a state-of-the-art EC family are designed to minimize the repair bandwidth overhead or minimize the storage overhead. Nevertheless, the high complexity of the PM framework contains more finite-domain multiplication operations than classical ECs, which heavily consumes computational resources at the edge nodes. In this paper, a theoretical derivation of each step of the PM minimum storage regeneration (PM-MSR) and PM minimum bandwidth regeneration (PM-MBR) codes is performed and the XOR complexity over finite fields is analyzed. On this basis, a new construct called product bitmatrix (PB) is designed to reduce the complexity of XOR operations in the PM framework, and two heuristics are used to further reduce the XOR numbers of the PB-MSR and PB-MBR codes, respectively. The evaluation results show that the PB construction significantly reduces the XOR number compared to the PM-MSR, PM-MBR, Reed–Solomon (RS), and Cauchy RS codes while retaining optimal performance and reliability.