数字时代,司法程序越来越"智慧化",大数据证据的运用也越来越广泛,但这种嬗变给审判场域被告人质证权的行使带来了许多障碍.一方面,对于大数据证据所属证据种类尚存争议,加之被追诉方获取数据渠道的闭塞性和分析数据能力的有限性造成了数字时代新的"控辩鸿沟",甚至出现了"数据倾倒",无法实现控辩平等武装.另一方面,法官过度信任大数据证据,对该类证据并不进行充分实质的质证,有违"以审判为中心"的要求.这就需要突破法定证据种类的藩篱,明确大数据证据作为独立的新证据种类的地位并适用补强证据规则,赋予被追诉方数据访问权,强制大数据证据收集方出庭接受质证并允许被追诉方聘请专家对大数据证据发表意见,从而实现对大数据证据的质证.

侦查机关不区分财产性质的"一扣到底,全部剥夺",行刑衔接案件中行政机关和侦查机关的提前罚没以及选择性地移送阻碍了企业合规的有效开展和合规整改后企业的继续经营.其深层原因是我国"重人轻财"的认知理念、法律规范的体系化缺失和审前各机关的部门利益化追求.为此,应建立独立统一的涉案财物管理中心,增加刑事对物保全措施,设置检察机关负责的涉案财物调查程序来对审前涉案财物处置进行完善.

监察体制的改革,使得职务犯罪的侦查权转变为监察调查权.由于监察程序的独立属性,导致在实践中无法直接适用《刑事诉讼法》相关规定.退回补充调查存在案件所处程序阶段确认、强制措施的适用、辩护律师参与以及证据衔接等问题.退回补充调查是有效实现监检衔接的重要内容,宜从犯罪嫌疑人权利保障的角度出发,构建更为完善的职务犯罪案件退回补充调查制度,从而有效解决司法实践中的困境,防范"监察中心主义"的发生.

"传统证据电子化"趋势下,愈来愈多的传统证据或将以数字化的形式呈现.电子化证据制度是在线诉讼得以全程在线进行之前提,但经电子化处理,即通过扫描、翻拍、转录等方式将线下的、传统的证据形式转化为电子形式,形成的"传闻证据""次佳证据"可能有违传统证据规则.为化解该制度与传闻证据规则的抵牾,宜采取"正面列举+反面排除+分类讨论"的方式明确电子化证据的外延,绝对排除当事人的陈述和证人证言等作为电子化证据之客体;为化解其与最佳证据规则的抵牾,应赋予电子化证据形式合法性,免除当事人的原件提交义务;在电子化证据满足形式真实性的前提下赋予其"拟制原件"的法律效力.在数字司法建设过程中,尤应当注重保障包括程序选择权和质证权在内的诉讼权利以实现数字正义.

At present, China’s misdemeanor governance model has some drawbacks, such as the increase of misdemeanor cases, the serious consequences of punishment, and the omnipotence of “criminal law.”The reason is excessive superstition about the role of “criminal law” in social governance, seemingly "once and for all", but actually "counterproductive". The new "Fengqiao Experience" adheres to the leadership of the Party, adheres to the supremacy of the people, relies on the masses to resolve disputes, innovates the trinity of "autonomy, rule of law, rule of virtue" social governance model, and provides reference for the Chinese petty crime governance model. The procuratorial organ should fully absorb the new "Fengqiao Experience",and actively perform its duties to realize the transformation from crime to governance mode. By sending procuratorial offices, improving the system of non-prosecution procuratorial hearing, criminal reconciliation,community correction and other systems, relying on the masses to participate in social governance, truly realize the original intention of misdemeanor governance, and constantly promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.