Rural digital governance is an inevitable requirement to improve the efficiency of rural governance, and is also an important means to realize the modernization of rural governance. In the context of the digital rural development strategy, the index measurement system of the rural digital governance level is built around the five key governance areas of "digital economy, digital ecology, digital culture, digital people's livelihood, and digital government affairs". The entropy weight TOPSIS model is used to measure and evaluate the level of rural digital governance in 31 provinces in China in 2021. The results show that there is a large gap in the level of digital governance in China's counties and villages, and the level of each region presents a decreasing spatial distribution from "east-middle-west". In terms of digital economy, the eastern region has a high score and good development, while the central and western regions have poor development. In terms of digital ecology, only the eastern region is higher than the national average; In terms of digital culture, only the central region is higher than the national average; In terms of digital livelihood and digital government, the central and eastern regions are slightly higher than the national average; The top three provinces in overall scores are Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Jiangsu.

The issue of large-scale retirements of renewable energy modules has attracted considerable attention from governments and the public worldwide. Using the Chinese wind and photovoltaic industries as examples, this paper, for the first time, employs a real options approach to explore the optimal time for energy firms to retire their power plants and to predict the future trend of renewable energy wastage from a bottom-up perspective. The results show that the optimal retirement time for the four subdivided categories ranges from 16 to 23 years. The later the investments are made, the earlier the decommissioning time comes and the lower the project returns. Furthermore, wind projects have been found to generate more revenue than PV projects for the same size, and the gap continues to widen. Offshore wind technology always has the longest optimal service life (18.62 years in 2022) and the greatest project returns (10.84 million CNY in 2022). Annual utilisation hours, the renewable electricity price and the waste price can accelerate the retirement of plants and generate more revenue for energy companies, while the initial investment cost has a completely opposite effect. The first wave of PV retirements will occur in 2035 at 305.82GW, while onshore wind will be in 2036 at 530.77GW and offshore wind will not explode until 2040 at 65.84GW. An assessment of potential policies suggests that for every 100 CNY increase in incentive strength, the retirement wave arrives 1 year earlier. In contrast, for every 100 CNY increase in the strength of penalties, the retirement wave is delayed by 1 year. In addition, we verify that the size of the plants does not affect the forecast of the retirement trend, indicating that the assumptions about installed capacity do not cause bias.

创建村民自治工作品牌是推进村民自治、实现乡村治理现代化的有效方案.耒阳市的村民自治工作品牌——"明白人"治理模式在推动村民自治中取得了较好的治理成效.借助"角色—功能"理论对"明白人"的角色与功能、运行机制以及治理成效进行深入探讨,发现其在实际运行中存在角色经验不足、身份不明、理性经济和不被重用等问题,需要从完善制度设计、规范身份地位、加强激励机制和弘扬乡村文化等方面进一步优化,从而以提升村民自治效能,推动乡村振兴.

普惠与优待叠加政策是深化退役军人保障体制改革,强化退役军人福利优待服务,实现"2035年基本实现国防和军队现代化"战略目标的重要选择,也是当前更好维护军人退役后福利优待保障的重要途径.基于史密斯政策执行模型,本文分别从理想化政策、目标群体、实施机构和环境因素等四维度,对普惠与优待叠加政策执行过程进行系统分析,发现当前存在政策细则不完善、政策缺乏监督、宣传不到位、政策环境影响等诸多问题.因此,需要从健全法律法规细则、完善政策执行机制、促进对象认知与政策认同和优化政策执行环境等角度进行政策创新,探索退役军人保障采取普惠与优待叠加政策可持续执行的路径.