Рассмотрены изменения, происходящие в ситуационно-аналитическом блоке при оперативном управлении в энергетике России с учетом событий последнего периода, по новому формирующим задачи предоставления необходимой информации для реализации работы и поддержки принятия управленческих решений в обычных условиях и в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций. Рассмотрена современная ситуация в отрасли, сформулированы направления модернизации ситуационно-аналитической деятельности, предложены меры пор развитию ситуационно-аналитических компетенций. Отмечены особенности запросов к ситуационно-аналитическому блоку в различных контурах обеспечения надежности и безопасности энергоснабжения. The article is devoted to the changes taking place in the situational-analytical block during operational management in the energy sector of Russia, taking into account the events of the recent period, in a new way shaping the tasks of providing the necessary information for the implementation of work and supporting managerial decision-making under normal conditionsand in emergency situations. The current situation in the industry is considered, directions for the modernization of situational-analytical activities are formulated, measures are proposed for the development of situational-analytical competencies. The features of requests to the situational-analytical block in various circuits for ensuring the reliability and security of power supply are noted.

Исследуются идущие процессы трансформации отраслевого управления, расширяющие возможности его адаптации к возможным чрезвычайным ситуациям в условиях современной структуры энергетики и в перспективе. Рассмотрена организационно-техническая структура энергетики России, структурированы технологические тренды и тенденции, влияющие на техническую структуру отрасли, сформулированы стратегические задачи при развитии оперативного управления энергетикой России в отношении развития информационной инфраструктуры и процессов сбора и обработки информации. The article examines the ongoing processes of transformation of sectoral management, expanding the possibilities of its adaptation to possible emergency situations in the conditions of the modern energy structure and in the future. The organizational and technical structure of the Russian energy sector is considered, technological trends and trends that affect the technical structure of the industry are structured, strategic tasks are formulated in the development ofoperational management of the Russian energy sector in relation to the development of information infrastructure and processes for collecting and processing information.

Рассматриваются ключевые вызовы и ограничения, которые определяют фокус развития ситуационно-аналитических компетенций при оперативном управлении энергетикой России. Разработаны подходы на основе цифровых технологий для управления рисками нарушения энергоснабжения, в т.ч. в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций, сформулированы направления развития информационно-аналитического инструментария для мониторинга объектов и поддержки принятия управленческих решений в энергетике The article discusses the key challenges and limitations that determine the focus of development of situational and analytical competencies in the operational management of the Russian energy sector. Approaches based on digital technologies have been developed to manage the risks of power supply disruption, incl. in emergency situations, directions for the development of information and analytical tools for monitoring facilities and supporting managerial decision-making in the energy sector are formulated.

Исследуются проблемы развития информационных технологий при управлении энергетикой с учетом рисков и угроз естественного и искусственного характера. Сформулированы характеристики отрасли, повышающие вероятность чрезвычайных ситуаций, рассмотрен информационно-управляющий функционал отрасли, проанализированы проблемы, требующие трансформации ситуационно-аналитической составляющей при оперативном управлении энергетикой России, предложены меры по организации функционирования систем энергоснабжения в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций. The article examines the problems of information technology development in energy management, taking into account the risks and threats of a natural and artificial nature. The characteristics of the industry that increase the likelihood of emergency situations are formulated, the information and control functionality of the industry is considered, the problems that require the transformation of the situational and analytical component in the operational management of the Russian energy sector are analyzed, and measures are proposed to organize the functioning of energy supply systems in emergency situations.

Scientific approaches to the formation of digital technologies for managing the factors of influence on the anthropogenic risks of energy production in terms of reducing the rates of accidents and industrial injuries are outlined. On the basis of statistical material, using methods of mathematical approximation, the dependencies of injuries and errors of personnel on their professional experience were obtained. On the basis of the index method, indicators of the reliability of the professional activity of personnel in the operation of the main technological equipment of power facilities were determined. The index of professional success, which considers the professional experience of personnel, is taken as the basis for assessing their professional activity. A method for estimating this index is formed, statistical data on the influence of experience on accidents and injuries in the electric power industry are considered. The authors formulated and solved the problem of finding the numerical values of the index of professional success. The dependencies of the index of professional success on the professional experience of the personnel were obtained, confirmed by statistical data and (indirectly) by earlier studies in the nuclear power industry by scientists of the FBGU SSC FMBC named after. A. I. Burnazyan of the FMBA of Russia. The calculation of the index makes it possible to mathematically correctly solve a more general problem of assessing anthropogenic risks. Formal contradictions between the numerical values of work experience in a position and the number of injuries are considered, statistical data are presented that confirm the theoretical conclusions obtained. The presented classification of personnel errors allows for a deep analysis of their occurrence and management of the process of their prevention. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the influence of professional experience on the success of professional activity is proven and countable. It can be assessed by the proposed method for calculating the index of professional success of personnel, which can be mathematically correctly incorporated into the overall structure of anthropogenic risk assessment.

Статья посвящена обеспечению надежности и безопасности работы объектов электроэнергетики в условиях воздействия геоиндуктированных токов, генерируемых возмущениями магнитного поля Земли в периоды геомагнитных бурь. Рассматриваются мероприятия по этой проблеме, включенные в проект «Стратегия обеспечения безопасности Единой энергетической системы России в условиях естественных и искусственных электромагнитных воздействий». Сформулированы пути повышения надежности работы объектов электроэнергетики для предотвращения вероятных чрезвычайных ситуаций в регионах России с повышенным уровнем геоиндуцированных токов. The article is devoted to ensuring the reliability and safety of the operation of electric power facilities under the influence of geoinduced currents generated by disturbances of the Earth’s magnetic field during periods of geomagnetic storms. Measures on this problem, included in the draft “Strategies for ensuring the security of the Unified Energy System of Russia in the conditions of natural and artificial electromagnetic influences” are considered. The ways of increasing the reliability of the electric power facilities to prevent possible emergencies in the regions of Russia with an increased level of geoinduced currents are formulated.

Introduction. One of the most important tasks in achieving reliability and safety of power supply as an element of ensuring technospheric security is the modernization of automated information and control systems for the transmitting and receiving sides, which ensures resistance against known types of attacks. The aim of the study is to solve the problem of secure information exchange within the framework of automated information and control systems, taking into account the low security of technological communication channels of power facilities to achieve the reliability and safety of power supply as an element of ensuring technospheric security based on the development of intelligent methods for detecting dangerous influences and intrusions to neutralize information security threats in relation to commands to control power equipment. Research methods. Within the framework of the study, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, including analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the main provisions and patterns of behavior of systems and information theory. Research results. It is proposed to create innovative algorithms for controlling power equipment, built on the basis of libraries of reference commands and reference sequences of commands used to replace commands intentionally or accidentally distorted by erroneous bits, as well as diagnosing vulnerabilities of information and control systems to ensure the correctness of the process of controlling power equipment. Conclusion. The listed technologies will make it possible to create a new class of efficient algorithms for power equipment control, built on the basis of intelligent methods for detecting dangerous influences and intrusions to neutralize information security threats in relation to control commands based on the analysis of high-level behavioral characteristics of the protected information and control system with the function of controlling the transition of the controlled system to the next a condition that depends on the exact correspondence of the generated commands to the reference commands and the reference sequence of commands, which will ensure the correctness of the control process of power equipment. Key words: energy, information and control networks, reliability, security, power supply, algorithms, monitoring, protection, information.

The article discusses the intelligent information-analytical technology implemented in the operation of thermal power plants, based on the capabilities of multi-agent analysis of the state of each item of equipment in a single unified digital model of thermal power plants, when the system signals in advance about the need for equipment repair. The analysis includes the study of indicators characterizing the technical condition of equipment (using calculation models for planning the TPP operation mode) with the introduction of a virtual model for managing the equipment life cycle to determine the optimal type, composition and cost of technical impact on the equipment. At the same time, it is proposed to use a system of uniform standards, a unified model, unified identification principles based on a unified ontological model of subject activity for the transition from scheduled preventive repairs (SPR) of facility equipment to repairs as it is possible to generate scenarios of technical impacts on equipment (agent modeling) event-driven behavior): continued operation, repair, replacement, technical re-equipment or reconstruction. The article presents approaches to the formation of monitoring technology that ensures the construction of unified accounting systems for equipment operated at electric and heat power facilities, the improvement of their technological parameters and characteristics in relation to the assessment and forecast of the technical condition of production equipment based on monitoring data, statistics of defects and failures to determine the optimal type, composition and cost of technical impact on equipment that allows directing the flow of events but the conditions specified by the availability of funds for these purposes. At the same time, an automated analysis of the indices of the technical condition of each unit (unit) of equipment is carried out and scenarios of technical effects on the equipment are generated (agent-based modeling of event-driven behavior).

Specific features of the Pregol’skaya thermal power plant (TPP), which comprises an important component of the Kaliningrad electrical power system, are considered. The main differences between the Pregol’skaya TPP and the Mayakovskaya and Talakhovskaya generation plants consist in the power units of the former being represented by a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). On the one hand, this provides more opportunities for the use of this plant, since it can generate not only electrical energy, but also heat. At the same time, the range of operating loads for the power units of the Pregol’skaya TPP is almost 2 times less than for the Mayakovskaya and Talakhovskaya plants.

The successful experience of development, implementation, and the field test results of systems for automatic control of frequency and power of gas turbine power units of Mayakovskaya and Talakhovskaya thermal power plants (TPP) operated for a separate isolated load is outlined. Particular attention is paid to the plantwide level of frequency and power control in TPPs.

The article examines the information and analytical technology implemented during the operation of electrical networks, based on the capabilities of multi-agent monitoring of the somatic and mental condition of the staff of power grid companies and predictive analysis of anthropogenic risks of energy production within the framework of a risk-based approach to human resource management. The analysis includes instrumental monitoring, assessment of indicators (using objective data) characterizing the condition of operational managers, operational and maintenance staff involved in real technological and business processes for servicing equipment of network companies using optimization theory methods, fuzzy sets, index analysis, provision of integral information to operational managers and management of energy companies, the formation of proposals on the areas of investment in the development of their human resources based on solving the optimization problem of minimizing damage due to wrong actions, inaction and violation of safety requirements for energy production. It is proposed to use a system of dimensionless index indicators for assessing the condition of staff, predictive analysis of the success of their professional activities and the formation of its ontological model in order to manage anthropogenic risks to ensure reliable and safe functioning of energy production with the possibility of developing measures and scenarios of impacts on staff within the production process. The article presents approaches to the formation of monitoring technology, which ensures the construction of unified systems for recording the condition of staff operating electric power facilities, statistics of failures due to staff's fault to determine the optimal type, composition and cost of impact on staff, improving their health based on multi-agent analysis of monitoring data, allowing to direct the flow of events in accordance with the conditions set by the availability of funds for these purposes. The authors have developed a mathematical apparatus, proposed devices and software, with the help of which an automated analysis of the indices of the condition of staff of each category, servicing equipment units (assemblies) and the formation of scenarios of impacts on it (agent-based modeling of condition-controlled behavior) has been carried out.

The article looks at some problems of development of an automated information system. This system carries out monitoring and technical control of complex technical systems at nuclear power plants (NPP) and thermal power plants (TPP). There is substantiated the necessity of using automatic recognition and data synthesis. This improves control when the received command signal is distorted. The control signal can be complicated by the white-noise component. There is offered the development of a software complex, which provides monitoring and analysis of commands, requests, signals for substitution of questionable and unrecognized command signals, received from an unidentified caller via unprotected communication channel. The most similar command is chosen algorithmically from the library of already accumulated commands. In the library the commands are systemized in consideration of the substantiated probability of coincidence and probable damage to the system in case of erroneous command replacement. There are suggested measures to raise the level of software complex safety using neural technologies.

Рассматриваются возможности использования мобильных испытательных комплексов для полномасштабного моделирования воздействия молнии на электроэнергетические объекты. Приведены мероприятия по применению мобильных испытательных комплексов для проверки электроники оборудования электросетевых объектов на электромагнитную устойчивость к воздействию разрядов молнии, а также для исследований наведенных токов за счет индуктивных связей во вторичных цепях.

Introduction. The expansion of the range of threats of critical information impacts (attacks), all of which are difficult to foresee in the design and development of digital control systems, has actualized the development of new approaches, the use of which makes it possible to detect attacks, identify them and develop control commands to stabilize equipment operation, increase the resilience of energy facilities to critical information impacts (attacks). The purpose of the study is to solve the problem of protection against unauthorized interference in the operation of automatic and automated systems that control functional units of power equipment to achieve reliability and safety of power supply as an element of ensuring technosphere safety. Research methods. Within the framework of the study, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, including analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the main provisions and patterns of behavior of systems and information theory. Research results. It is proposed to create a system for monitoring the stability of energy facilities to critical information impacts (attacks), adapted to work in emergency situations and in a special period. The characteristics of the system, the main functions, components, key modules (subsystems), the main stages of development, implementation and ensuring the efficiency of work are formulated. Conclusion. The advantage of the system is its adaptation to abnormal behavior (including for unknown reasons) of functional units of equipment in order to achieve reliability and safety of power supply as an element of ensuring technospheric safety. The system allows you to reduce the workload and responsibility of operators, especially in situations where there is no, lack of reliable information or the presence of questionable technological information. Keywords: energy, digital control systems, threats, protection, security, intelligent elements, equipment

Работа посвящена обеспечению надежности и безопасности работы объектов электроэнергетики в условиях электромагнитных воздействий природного, техногенного и преднамеренного техногенного, в т.ч. скрытого характера, способствующих формированию чрезвычайных ситуаций. Рассматриваются мероприятия по этой проблеме, включенные в проект «Стратегии обеспечения безопасности Единой энергетической системы России в условиях естественных и искусственных электромагнитных воздействий». Для комплексного повышения устойчивости электроэнергетической системы в масштабах страны предлагается решать, как локальные задачи защиты оборудования от внешнего воздействия, так и глобальную задачу стойкости топологии сети к масштабным воздействиям или множеству локальных событий.

Рассматриваются проблемы повышения живучести электроэнергетических систем с учетом увеличения интеллектуальных элементов с существенной компонентой автономного поведения (smart-компонентой) в условиях информационных атак, обусловленных интеграцией информационных сетей общего пользования и сетей автоматизированного и автоматического управления.

The article presents the results of analysis of full-scale experiment performed in the power system of Kaliningrad region. Experiment consisted of the isolation of the power system of the Kaliningrad region from the UPS of Russia and the power systems of the Baltic countries for 72 hours. The purpose of the experiment was to confirm the efficiency of the developed technical solutions in terms of normal-state and emergency regulation. In particular, the aim was to confirm the effectiveness of automatic astatic frequency control in the power system of the Kaliningrad region using newly built power plants with gas turbine and combined cycle plants.