Recent studies on dyslipidemia-related microRNA (miRNA) have found that some types of dyslipidemia are accompanied by a characteristic spectrum of circulating miRNAs, including circulating exosomal miRNAs.On the other hand, miRNAs existing in tissues and cells can regulate lipid metabolism through various mechanisms, such as the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and the low-density lipoprotein receptor expression pathway.Therefore, miRNAs have the potential to become a biomarker for the precision diagnosis of dyslipidemia and are expected to provide novel therapeutic targets for dyslipidemia.This article reviews the studies on the latest developments in this field.