Copper azide (CA) has gradually become the chosen priming agent for microexplosive devices as a lead-free green priming agent. However, charge loading is challenging due to its high electrostatic sensitivity, severely limiting its practical application. In this study, copper hydroxide particles were evenly coated on the surface of carbon fiber using electrospinning and quick hot-pressing, and CA-based composites with uniform load were created using the in situ azide technique while keeping good film characteristics. The produced CA-HP film has an electroostatic sensitivity of 3.8 mJ, which is much higher than the raw material of 0.05 mJ. The flame sensitivity has also been increased from 45 to 51 cm, and the use safety has been considerably enhanced. Furthermore, hot-pressed CA-HP films can improve the film's qualities, such as easy cutting and processing into the required shape, compatibility with MEMS processes, and the ability to successfully detonate secondary explosives with only 1 mg. This novel coupling technology expands the possibilities for developing high-safety primers for micro-initiator.

Catena-[bis-(mu 3-5-Nitrotetrazolate)-dicopper-(I)] (DBX-1) is a highly promising new lead-free primary explosive and an ideal substitute for lead azide (LA). However, due to the complex preparation process, low conversion rate of raw materials, and high risk of intermediate products, it is difficult to apply DBX-1 in engineering. This paper proposes a simpler process route that can achieve the conversion from 5-aminotetrazole (5-AT) to DBX-1 in one reaction vessel. Based on the gas generation rate, the process principle of hydronium copper-(II)-tris-(5-nitrotetrazolate) trihydrate (Intermediate 1) synthesis was analyzed, and the process parameters were optimized. The conversion rate of 5-AT to NT- was increased to 90%. The synthesis of DBX-1 using copper chloride as a raw material in the presence of CuO and nitrate anions has simplified the process steps. In addition, the comparison of the sensitivity and thermal performance of intermediate 1 and DBX-1 further indicates that this process can greatly improve the intrinsic safety of the process by avoiding the handling of dangerous intermediates.

The characteristics of high burning rate, high energy output, and low pressure exponent have always been the focus of development in the field of composite solid rocket propellants. In this paper, a metal-organic framework (MOF-199) compound is introduced to prepare micro-nanospherical CL-20@MOF-199 composites via the spray-drying self-assembly technique to reach the above goals. MOF-199, which acts as an attractive combustion catalyst and a safety regulator, is uniformly coated on the surface of CL-20 with close interface contact between particles, effectively accelerating the thermal decomposition of CL-20 and ensuring safety performance. The average noncovalent interaction (aNCI) analysis illustrates that there are strong C-H···O hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interaction between CL-20 and MOF-199 molecules, greatly enhancing the effect of interparticle assembly. The effects of different contents of MOF-199 on the thermal, safety, and energy properties of CL-20 were discussed. The thermal analysis demonstrates that MOF-199 has a significant thermal catalytic effect on CL-20, with an advanced peak temperature of thermal decomposition of 14.2 °C and a reduced activation energy barrier of 34.2 kJ·mol-1, mainly benefitting from more exposed catalytic active sites and close interface contact. In addition, CL-20@MOF-199 composites exhibit decreased mechanical sensitivity (IS: 21-40 cm, FS: 80-240 N) and excellent energy performance. This work clearly demonstrates that MOF-199 is both a superior combustion catalyst and a good safety buffer for CL-20, and it opens new potential for further applications of CL-20 in composite solid propellants.

In this work, a nanoscale carbon-based lead azide explosive film was prepared by electrospinning, carbonization, in situ azidation reactions, and other steps using cheap and easily available lead acetate as the raw material.

As the most promising primary explosive in micro-initiator, copper azide is eye-catching due to its outstanding detonation power, but it is limited due to its high electrostatic sensitivity and difficulty in terms of molding. In this work, we have developed a novel, green and simple strategy, based on graphene oxide modified copper-containing metal–organic framework materials, using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol as binder to synthesize spherical copper azide/Carbon/reduced graphene oxide (CA/C/rGO) composite, in which CA nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the porous carbon framework. Detailed characterization shows that the coordination effect of carbon framework material and graphene makes the obtained spherical CA/C/rGO have remarkable electrostatic stability and ignition ability. The obtained CA/C/rGO material has an electrostatic sensitivity of 2.0 mJ and a flame sensitivity of 45 cm, which greatly enhances its electrostatic safety and maintains good ignition performance. The CA/C/rGO is further assembled in a micro-initiator, which successfully detonates the secondary explosive hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). The manufacturing process of CA/C/rGO materials is environmentally friendly, easy to volume-produce, and can be well matched with the charging method of the micro-initiator system.

基于溶胶-凝胶法将金属粒子引入高分子链中,冷冻干燥后得到的多孔含金属高分子材料兼具流散性好、比表面积大以及孔隙结构丰富等特点,既可以解决纳米金属催化剂的团聚问题,又能够提供充足的催化活性位点.制备两种纳米级别聚丙烯酸铜(PAA-Cu)和聚丙烯酸铅(PAA-Pb)多孔含金属高分子材料,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱法、热重质谱联用、比表面及孔隙率分析等手段,对PAA-Cu和PAA-Pb进行详细表征;利用热重-红外-气相色谱-质谱四联用,分析PAA-Cu和PAA-Pb对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化效果.结果表明:PAA-Cu使AP的高温分解峰提前了143.1℃,PAA-Pb使AP的高温分解峰提前了73.7℃;碳化后PAA-Cu孔隙率和比表面积增大,Cu及其氧化物在碳骨架结构原位生成且分散均匀,二者共同增加了催化活性物质与AP的接触面积,有助于AP热分解的催化.