В период с 2026 по 2021 гг. изучено содержание никеля в водах притоков озера Телецкого. Согласно результатам исследования, общее содержание никеля в водах притоков озера колебалось от 0.12 до 4.6 мкг/дм3, в среднем составляя 1.8 ± 0.1 мкг/дм3. Содержание растворенных форм никеля в водах рек бассейна варьировало от 0.1 до 4.4 мкг/дм, не превышало ПДК, согласовывалось с литературными данными для природных вод Сибири, однако заметно превосходило среднемировые значения. Установлено, что в водах западных притоков меридиональной части оз. Телецкого концентрации растворенного Ni заметно выше, чем в водах восточных притоков, что объясняется большей зрелостью почв западных берегов и более существенным присутствием в них железа, препятствующего комплексообразованию, а также наличием большого количества осадочных отложений и более высоким антропогенным воздействием на левобережные ландшафты. В июне 2022 г. впервые за несколько лет наблюдений зафиксировано превышение ПДКрх никеля в водах западных притоков озера, что предположительно объясняется, в том числе, усиливающейся антропогенной нагрузкой на экосистему водосборов. Установлено, что максимальное количество никеля в оз.Телецкое привносится водами р. Чулышман: до 3.5 т никеля в период весенне-летнего половодья и 0.8 т – в период осеней межени, в то время как вклад других притоков в поступление Ni в озеро как минимум на 1-2 порядка ниже. Величина модуля стока никеля в летний полноводный период с водосборных площадей разных по величине притоков оз. Телецкого практически не различается (0.19–0.21 кг/мес. с км2), в период осенней межени вынос никеля существенно определяется внутрипочвенными процессами на водосборе. Ecological and biogeochemical studies carried out in the Lake Teletskoye basin in 2016–2021 showed that the total nickel content in the waters of the lake’s tributaries ranged from 0.12 to 4.6 μg/dm3, an average of 1.8 ± 0.1 μg/dm3. The content of dissolved forms of nickel in rivers of the basin varied as 0.1–4.4 μg/dm3. It was within the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), being consistent with the published data for natural waters of Siberia. However, this indicator significantly exceeded the global average. It was established that in the waters of western tributaries of the meridional part of Lake Teletskoye the concentrations of dissolved Ni were significantly higher than in the waters of eastern tributaries. This may be explained by higher soil maturity of the western coast and iron presence, as well as greater sedimentary deposits and stronger anthropogenic impacts. In June 2022, the excess of MPC for nickel in the waters of western tributaries was recorded for the first time in several years of observations that may be explained, among other things, by increasing anthropogenic loads on the ecosystem of the catchments. The waters of the Chulyshman River bring up to 3.5 tons of nickel into Lake Teletskoye during spring-summer floods and 0.8 tons in the autumn low water periods, while the contribution of other tributaries to Ni input to the lake is at least 1–2 orders less. In the summer high-water period, the value of the module of nickel runoff from the catchment areas of different-size tributaries of Lake Teletskoye practically does not differ (0.19–0.21 kg/month from km2). During autumn low water, the nickel removal is more determined by intra-soil processes occurred in the catchment.

Ecological and biogeochemical studies carried out in the Lake Teletskoye basin in 2016–2021 showed that the total nickel content in the waters of the lake’s tributaries ranged from 0.12 to 4.6 μg/dm3, an average of 1.8 ± 0.1 μg/dm3. The content of dissolved forms of nickel in rivers of the basin varied as 0.1–4.4 μg/dm3. It was within the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), being consistent with the published data for natural waters of Siberia. However, this indicator significantly exceeded the global average. It was established that in the waters of western tributaries of the meridional part of Lake Teletskoye the concentrations of dissolved Ni were significantly higher than in the waters of eastern tributaries. This may be explained by higher soil maturity of the western coast and iron presence, as well as greater sedimentary deposits and stronger anthropogenic impacts. In June 2022, the excess of MPC for nickel in the waters of western tributaries was recorded for the first time in several years of observations that may be explained, among other things, by increasing anthropogenic loads on the ecosystem of the catchments. The waters of the Chulyshman River bring up to 3.5 tons of nickel into Lake Teletskoye during spring-summer floods and 0.8 tons in the autumn low water periods, while the contribution of other tributaries to Ni input to the lake is at least 1–2 orders less. In the summer high-water period, the value of the module of nickel runoff from the catchment areas of different-size tributaries of Lake Teletskoye practically does not differ (0.19–0.21 kg/month from km2). During autumn low water, the nickel removal is more determined by intra-soil processes occurred in the catchment.

The concentration of major ions ( HCO_3^ - , Cl–, SO_4^2 - , Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in the water of tributaries of Lake Teletskoe (Northeastern Altai) was studied in 2016–2020. Seasonal variations were found in the ion composition of the water of lake tributaries and a relationship between this composition and the biogeochemical conditions in their drainage basins was established. The waters of eastern and western tributaries, which drain shores with different geological and landscape structure, differ in both the concentrations and proportions of the major ions. It is shown that most of the examined tributaries belong to the same hydrogeochemical facies and carry water of bicarbonate-magnesium-calcium type. Characteristics of ion runoff of three lake tributaries were calculated; chemical denudation in their drainage basins was evaluated.

The aim of the study was to assess ecological, biogeochemical and sanitary-hygienic aspects of arable soils of the Altai region and spring wheat grain produced there. Location and time of the study. The representative study sites of arable land were located in various agroecological zones of the Altai region: Kulundinskaya (dry steppe on chestnut soils of the Kulunda lowland), Rubtsovskoye (arid steppe on chernozems of the southern Priobskoye plateau), Zarinskaya (deciduous forests and steppe meadows on leached chernozems of the Bie-Chumyshskaya elevated plain and podzolized chernozems and dark gray forest soils of the Salair Foothills), Piedmont (meadow steppe on the chernozems of the Prealtai Plain), Priobskaya (split steppe on ordinary chernozems of the Priobsky plateau), Aleiskaya (moderately arid steppe on ordinary chernozems of the Priobsky plateau), Biyskaya (forest steppe on leached and gray forest soils of the Bie-Chumysh Upland). The research was carried out in 2018. Methods. The content of trace elements in soils and wheat grain was determined by atomic emission and atomic absorption spectrometry according to PND F 14.1:2:4. 139; 140-98; НСАМ №450С; РД 52.24.479-95. Results. It was found that in the arable soils of the Altai region the elements, necessary for plants, animals, and humans, were contained in optimal quantities (average content of Mn 714, Zn 65, Cu 25.7, Co 12.3 mg/kg), maintaining the normal functioning of living organisms. Most toxic elements were found at the levels, comparable with average concentrations in soils of the world and with the data for uncontaminated soils in West Siberia, not exceeding the maximal permissible concentrations. The average concentrations of Cd, Pb, As and Hg in the studied soils were 0.089, 13.6, 5.0, 0.037 mg/kg, respectively. No biogeochemical province had been identified for any of the elements. The studied soils have a fairly high buffering capacity for heavy metals. The chemical elements’ content in the spring wheat grain, the main crop in the region, was close to the corresponding world data for grain. The amount of regulated substances (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic) meets domestic standards and the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On Grain Safety". Conclusions. The arable soils of the Altai region are not contaminated with heavy metals. Trace elements such as manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt are contained in soils in optimal quantities for living organisms. However, using the grain as monofeed can result in Co deficiency in animals. The content of chemical elements is soils resulted from the initial content of elements in soil-forming parent rocks. The degree of heavy metals’ buffering by the studied arable soils, depending of the metal, ranged from medium to high.

Using the standard methodology for deep process-data mining called system- analytical modeling, we have built a high-performance process-driven (analytical) model for description of winter-spring temperatures and precipitation influence on spring flood extremes for mountain rivers. In April, flood discharge peaks (with ice motion) cause emergency inun- dations and pose a constant threat to local population. The effect of the landscape structure of river basins, winter-spring temperatures and precipitation on spring flood discharge peaks and troughs (SFDP and SFDT) for April 1951–2020 was analyzed by the example of 34 medium and small rivers of the Altai-Sayan mountain country. We identified nontrivial SFDP/SFDT dependences on meteorological conditions, proposed their physical-hydrological substantia- tions and determined SFDP/SFDT sensitivities to meteorological factor variations as con- tributions to the observed SFDP/SFDT variances. The contributions of winter and spring precipitation, winter air temperatures and spring ones for SFDP/SFDT variances made up 34.7, 21.9, 7.8, 6.1% and 13.6, 18.8, 6.6, 1.5%, respectively.

Relevance. The need to expand and deepen the understanding of the influence of solar radiation indicators on chemical characteristics of surface water, since the dependence of hydrochemical processes on periodic changes in solar activity has so far been studied extremely poorly. In addition, special attention is paid worldwide to the study of iron content in waters of rivers and lakes. Iron increased concentrations are one of the reasons for the "brownification" of surface waters in a significant part of the Northern Hemisphere. Aim. To establish a relationship between iron content and dynamics in the waters of the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe with indicators of solar activity (sunspots number, F-index). Methods. Water samples from the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe were collected into clean new polyethylene bottles in the estuaries of the rivers, from a depth of 0.5 m during the spring-summer high water and autumn low water, in 2016–2020. Content of total and dissolved Fe in the waters was determined by the ISP-MS method and by the AAS method. We used the data on solar activity indicators from the Belgian Observatory, which are freely available. Results. The total Fe content in the rivers of Lake Teletskoe basin for the period from 2016 to 2020 changes from 5 to 340 µg/l. Concentrations of dissolved iron (4 to 200 µg/l) do not exceed Russian standards, but they are often noticeably higher than the global average for river waters established abroad. The highest iron content, as well as the proportion of its soluble forms in the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe and in lake waters, was noted in 2016. It is probably due to the highest rates of solar activity. They cause certain changes in the environment – such as an increase in air temperature and water evaporation, and decrease in river flow, which accompanied by growth in concentrations of chemical elements in surface waters. Since 2016, there has been a steady decrease in dissolved iron concentration in surface natural waters of Lake Teletskoe basin, which may be a consequence of a decrease in solar radiation intensity in recent years.

A standard methodology of deep process-data mining for building high-performance process-driven (analytical) models of complex natural systems was proposed. The method- ology (called as system-analytical modeling) is based on a system-hierarchical approach and deep mining of large datasets providing both extraction of the information hidden in such datasets and quantitative characterization of real processes occurring in natural systems. With its help, deep process-data mining of data (1951–2020) on spring flood discharge peaks and troughs (with ice motion) on 34 mountain rivers of the Altai-Sayan mountain country was performed. An analytical hydrological model of high performance (Nash-Sutcliffe criterion NSE = 0.78) was developed for the annual medium-term forecasting of discharge peaks and troughs in April using the data on meteorological conditions of the recent autumn and current winter periods. Flood peaks depend on autumn-winter precipitation (which determines 29% of the peak variance), landscape structure of river basins (14%), and winter air temperatures (0.8%). Spring floods on mountain rivers often threaten the life of local population that makes the developed model topical.

The complex influence of meteorological conditions on the first (April) wave of spring-summer flooding of the mountain rivers was studied by the example of 34 mid-size and small rivers of the Altai-Sayan mountain country covering more than 2,000,000 km2 of the Central Asia territory. System-analytical modeling was employed to describe the complex dependence of April river runoff on air temperatures and precipitation for December-April. The impact of factors was quantitatively assessed through solving the inverse mathematical problem and using 1,760 values of river runoff for 1951-2019, meteorological data and carto- graphic information on the relief and landscape structure of river basins calculated in ArcGIS 10.2. Precipitation accumulated in December-March as snow cover had a positive effect on runoff only in case of proximity of winter temperatures to their long-term mean values. At low April temperatures, river runoff increased along with the growth of current precipitation, while at temperature rise it decreased. The established dependencies of the first flood wave on meteorological factors are of great importance for effective preventing adverse effects of spring floods in the mountain regions.