Изучается эффективность добавления пара применительно к задаче снижения выбросов оксидов азота и углерода для горелочных устройств атмосферного типа малой мощности на примере сжигания газообразного топлива. Экспериментально определены тепловые и экологические характеристики сжигания газообразного топлива при его подаче в основание высокоскоростной струи перегретого водяного пара как способа низкоэмиссионного горения. В ходе эксперимента измерены полнота сгорания топлива, газовый анализ уходящих газов и средняя температура вдоль оси симметрии пламени. Полученные результаты демонстрируют, что подача перегретого водяного пара позволяет значительно снизить концентрацию вредных веществ в продуктах сгорания (NOx и CO в 1,6 и 1,8 раза) по сравнению с дутьем нагретого воздуха, при этом сохраняется высокая полнота сгорания топлива за счет реакции взаимодействия углеводородного топлива с паром.

The internal aerodynamics of isothermal laboratory model of improved four-vortex furnace of pulverized coal boiler are experimentally investigated. Using the particle image velocimetry method, the distribution of components of the air flow averaged velocity and the streamlines are obtained in a number of model cross sections for different operating modes of the furnace, determined by the ratio of the flow velocities supplied through the primary and secondary nozzles. The conditions for the formation of a stable flow structure with four symmetric conjugate vortices in the entire volume of the furnace, as well as the range of operating parameters leading to a spatially irregular vortex structure are determined.

The internal aerodynamics of the modified configuration of a vortex furnace with a horizontal axis of flow rotation and dispersed tangential inlet of burner jets oriented in one direction and disposed on one side surface of the combustion chamber has been investigated. Using the method of particle image velocimetry (PIV) the instantaneous velocity fields in different sections of the laboratory model under various operating parameters measured. For PIV-measuring of the turbulent flow velocity in the model of vortex furnace used measuring complex POLIS-2C-140-4M-PIV. The results showed that a unilateral arrangement of burners have a negative impact on the internal aerodynamics of the vortex furnace because it leads to removal of the main part of the flow in the cooling chamber, it means increasing the mechanical underburning of fuel in practice.

Physical modeling of the structure of turbulent swirling flow is carried out in the isothermal laboratory model of the vortex furnace new design with distributed tangential inlet of air jets. The presence of burner jets (in the studied design of vortex furnace), distributed along the perimeter and oriented in the opposite directions, provides the flexibility to control flow structure and regime parameters. The horizontal axis of flow rotation increases the completeness of burnup of the fuel. There is investigated the method of control of the flow aerodynamics in the vortex furnace due to the use of a cylindrical insert, mounted on the axis of the combustion chamber. Flow velocity measurements have been performed using the method of laser Doppler anemometry. The distribution of the average flow velocity in the volume of furnace is obtained. It is shown that the presence of cylindrical insert makes it possible to eliminate the precession of vortex core. The obtained results can be used for the solution of the problem of determining the optimum diameter of insert on the basis of numerical simulation of furnace processes.