Aim of investigation. To study parameters of activity of liver tissue enzymes and blood lymphocytes in children with chronic viral hepatitis B (CVH B).Material and methods. 20 patients with CVH B in the age of 12 to 15 years were investigated: 10 children – with the 2-nd stage of process chronization and 10 – with the 3-rd stage. In liver tissue obtained at guided biopsy, and in lymphocytes discharged from blood activity of metabolic enzymes was determined by bioluminescent method.Results. Metabolic reactions in liver tissue of children depend on stage of chronization of process, at the 3-rd stage the functional lesion of liver cells it is more profound. Metabolism of lymphocytes in children depend on severity of disease as well, thus at children with the 3-rd stage of chronization more severe functional depression of lymphocytes took place.Conclusions. Intensity of reactions of metabolism of liver cells and lymphocytes in 12–15 years old children with CVH B, depends on stage of chronization of infectious process. Lesions of liver cells and lymphocytes are more profound at the 3-rd stage, than at the 2-nd. Pattern of interrelation of enzyme scores of the liver and lymphocytes allows to postulate, that the latter reflect specificity and orientation of metabolic changes in liver tissue.

Manifestation of functional capabilities of an any cell in the body is largely determined by intracellular metabolism, changing his parameters in dependence on the specifity of the pathological process. Indices with high informativeness and relevance for the recording features of intracellular processes in most of exogenous and endogenous effects on the cells are activity of enzymes in them and their lipid profile.

Examined 30 children aged 12-16 years with chronic hepatitis B (18 people from the 2 stage of chronic process and 12 – with the 3 stage), which were determined in liver biopsy specimens karyometric indicators hepatocytes and activity of intracellular enzymes. The intensity of energy and plastic reactions in liver cells pediatric patients depends on the stage of chronic hepatitis B. Increasing stage of chronicity leads to a more pronounced defeat parenchymal liver structures, accompanied by inhibition of intracellular enzymes. Correlations between enzymatic indicators of liver tissue and hepatocytes karyometric parameters reflect subcellular mechanisms of damage and liver regeneration in chronic viral hepatitis B.

Measurement of metabolic processes in lymphocytes in Varicella zoster infection showed highly increased intercellular glycolisys activity with functional cellular overload. Same time, we discovered decreased level of intensivity of first stages of TCC, that rules to lower cycle energetic efficiency and intense metabolitsaminoacides intake for TCC, guiding to high aminoacides transport to lymphocytes. Usage of succinic acid and its salts gives more substrates for TCC, increasing its energetic efficiency and lymphocytes functional activity.

Abstract. A complex immunologic examination of fifty patients with clinically significant postoperative fibrosis has been performed. Immunogram indexes were determined, and activities of basic oxidation-reduction enzymes were investigated in blood lymphocytes. What concerned immune status of the patients under study, some peculiar features have been revealed, with respect to cellular and humoral compartments, i.e., relative increase in CD3+ population, a shift to CD4+ cells in the ratio of lymphocyte subpopulations, higher indexes of immune regulation and phagocytosis, increased IgG level, and lower content of IgA, as compared to appropriate controls. Metabolic parameters of lymphocytes reflect their functional activation, being expressed as an enhanced ability for intracellular synthetic processes, elevated functional activity of lymphocytes, and increased immune response. The general pattern of changes in immune status and metabolic indexes of lymphocytes allow us to assume participation of autoimmune component in progression of epidural fibrosis. The data obtained may be used in combined diagnostics and correction of this disorder. (Med. Immunol., vol. 10, N 6, pp 589-592).

The study included 22 children aged 12-16 years with chronic hepatitis B (12 people with chronic process stage 2 and 10 – 3stage), and 30 healthy children of the same age who were studied biochemical parameters of blood (total protein, albumin, urea, total cholesterol, glucose, total bilirubin, aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, β-lipoproteins, the trial Veltman). Found that blood biochemical parameters of children with stages 2 and 3 chronic hepatitis B are typical for this disease, and confirm that they have serious functional hepatic lesions. These lesions are manifested in the development of liver syndromes predominantly cytolytic, certificate of development which, in the first place is to improve its indicators in the blood – transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. Syndrome increases with the severity of the exacerbation stage of chronic hepatitis B.

The detection of activity of enzymes in hepatic tissue and whole blood in children aged 12-16 years with chronic viral hepatitis was carried out. The results of study demonstrated that the level of metabolic parameters during the third stage of transition of disease to the chronic state as compared with the second stage testifies the presence of deeper functional affection of hepatic cells and more expressed metabolism disorders. The character of ratio of levels of activity of enzymes in liver and blood of children under the second and third stages of transition of disease to chronic state was analyzed. It is affirmed that the blood enzymatic indicators reflect specificity and direction of alterations of metabolic processes in hepatic cells under chronic hepatitis C. This process can be used as a basis for development of new diagnostic approaches to this form of pathology.

Вирусы герпеса широко распространены в человеческой популяции, они способны поражать практически все органы и системы организма-хозяина, вызывая латентную, острую и хроническую формы инфекции. Вирусами герпеса инфицировано 65-90 % населения планеты. По данным ВОЗ, смертность, обусловленная герпесвирусами, занимает второе место после гриппа. Считается, что на территории России различными формами герпетической инфекции страдают около 20 млн человек. Особую актуальность герпетическая инфекция приобрела в связи с одновременной циркуляцией в организме человека нескольких серотипов вирусов одновременно. При герпесе, как и при других заболеваниях с персистенцией вируса, часто развиваются иммунодефицитные состояния, обусловленные недостаточностью различных звеньев иммунной системы и её неспособностью полностью элиминировать вирус из организма. По данным ряда исследователей, у больных с хронической герпесвирусной инфекцией в сравнении с контролем обнаружено достоверное повышение цито-токсических клеток (CD8), лейкоцитарного индекса интоксикации, снижение содержание Т-хелперов (CD4), T-клеток (CD3), иммуно-регуляторного индекса в периоде обострения заболевания. Изменения клеточного иммунитета зависело от периода заболевания и степени тяжести патологического процесса, то есть чем тяжелее протекало заболевание, тем выраженнее были иммунологические изменения. При наличии микст-инфекции (герпес 1, 2 типов в комплексе с цитомегаловирусом) авторы отмечали увеличение количества активированных T-лимфоцитов и клеток T-хелпера, тогда как смешанная инфекция (цитомегаловирусная инфекция и ВЭБ-инфекция) сопровождалась острым уменьшением в лимфоцитах CD3+/CD95+. Спектр клинических проявлений герпесвирусных инфекций отличается значительным разнообразием, однако все более характерным для данных инфекций становится атипичное течение с преобладанием первично-хронических и рецидивирующих форм. Все чаще хронические герпесвирусные инфекции ассоциируются с формированием у больных синдрома хронической усталости. В последние годы при изучении патогенеза герпесвирусных инфекций были получены доказательства ключевой роли иммунной системы и неспецифической резистентности организма в развитии особенностей течения заболевания. Это связано с тем, что нарушения иммунного реагирования являются немаловажным фактором, определяющим течение болезни и ее исход. Знание особенностей иммунопатогенеза хронической формы герпесвирусных инфекций позволит предупредить развитие активного непрерывно-рецидивирующего варианта заболевания и позволит наиболее эффективно определить тактику терапии, особенно у пациентов с часто рецедивирующими формами. Ключевые слова: герпесвирусные инфекции, иммунный статус, иммунная дисфункция, иммуномодулирующая

The study included 24 children between the ages of 12 and 16 years of age, patients with chronic hepatitis B (14 men from the 2 stage of the chronic process, and 10 - with the third stage), in which a liver biopsy determined for the activity of NAD/F/-dependent enzymes and parameters of lipid profile. We found that the increase in chronic stage of infection was accompanied by a decrease in liver cells of cholesterol and phospholipids, lipid shift toward the formation of triacylglycerides, decreased activity of NADPH-dependent enzyme and decrease the synthetic potential of cell metabolism and their proliferative capacity, a reduction in the protection of cells from peroxidation processes lipid reduction in their ATP production by inhibiting the reactions of the Krebs cycle and glycolysis.

The article presents the main stages of organization, formation and development of the Department of Clinical Immunology, as well as the successes and achievements of the Department staff.

Flu of the person – the acute highly contagious infectious disease of respiratory ways caused by viruses of flu. In the general structure of infectious diseases it is the share of a share of flu and other sharp respiratory virus infections to 92%. Patogenez of flu grows out of interaction of a set of factors of a macroorganism with virus proteins. Receptors of cages to which viruses of flu of the person have preference, экспрессируются on epitelialny cages throughout respiratory ways – in a mucous membrane of a nose, okolonosovy bosoms, a drink, a trachea, bronchial tubes, bronchioles and alveoluses, but their quantity variously on different sites. In the period of a pandemic a major factor of risk of development of influenzal virus pneumonia is lack of specific protection of lungs antibodies against related strains of a virus. An important role in патогенезе flu is played by immune system. It is established that flu viruses in the course of the evolution got mechanisms which are capable to limit and suppress immunity of the owner. Manifestation in full functionality of immunocompetent cages in the course of recognition of an anti-gene and formation of the immune answer happens only at the corresponding condition of their intracellular metabolism which is provided with a certain level of activity of intracellular enzymes.

Review of the literature is devoted to the study of the pathogenesis of SARS and influenza, the severity of clinical symptoms which are largely determined by the degree of activity of immune reactions host. Severe and complicated forms of influenza and SARS are developing against a background of reducing the functional activity of natural killer cells, phagocytic and metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, the presence of interferon deficiency.. Activation of lipid peroxidation, which leads to a loss of barrier function of cell membranes a major cause of the generalization of a viral infection and cytokine storm is the trigger for the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome with the risk of formation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.