BACKGROUND:Thelaziasis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae, Thelazia), which can cause mild to severe signs and lesions, such as foreign body sensation, itching, tearing, eye pain, conjunctival bleeding, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and even blindness. Thelaziasis cases have been reported mainly in agricultural areas and areas with high potential for contact with domestic animals [1]. CASE PRESENTATION:We report a case of Thelazia callipaeda infection in the right eye of a 41-year-old woman working in an office. The patient presented with persistent foreign body sensation, pruritus, and redness despite initial treatment with polyethylene glycol and levofloxacin eye drops. Subsequent examination revealed the presence of multiple Thelazia callipaeda worms, which were successfully removed. Postoperative treatment with gatifloxacin eye ointment resulted in significant symptom relief with no recurrence over two months. CONCLUSIONS:This case highlights the thelaziasis in urban settings, emphasizing the need for ophthalmologists to consider parasitic infections in differential diagnosis even in well-maintained environments. Then, we provided an overview of human thelaziasis in China by mining publicly available databases from 2014 to 2023, suggesting a difference in regional distribution that warrants further epidemiological studies.

Introduction: This real-world study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and operative parameters of two perfluoropropane (C3F8) tamponade methods combined with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal detachment (RD). Methods: A retrospective study of 132 patients (132 eyes) with RD (pure C3F8 in 38 eyes, mixed C3F8 in 94 eyes). All eyes underwent PPV with C3F8 tamponade and were followed up for at least 3 months. Retinal reattachment rate, time of gas configuration and injection, C3F8 dosage, intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity, postoperative ocular inflammation, and patients’ complaints were evaluated. Results: The single-surgery retinal reattachment rates of the pure C3F8 group and mixed C3F8 group were 97.4% and 96.8%, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 1.00). The final retinal reattachment rates of the two groups were 100% and 97.2%, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 1.00). The gas configuration time, gas injection time, and C3F8 dosage were significantly less in the pure C3F8 group (all p < 0.001). Time, but not group, was the influencing factor of postoperative IOP changes in the two groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.547, respectively). Compared with the baseline, the IOP estimates of the pure C3F8 group showed a significant increase immediately after surgery (p < 0.001), and the mixed C3F8 group showed a significant increase immediately and 1–2 days after surgery (all p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in ocular inflammation (p = 0.339) and patients’ complaints of discomfort (p = 0.175) between the two groups. Conclusion: Both the two methods of C3F8 tamponade combined with PPV in RD patients showed good efficacy and safety, but the clinical operation of pure C3F8 tamponade was more convenient and eco-friendly.

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of pure perfluoropropane (C3F8) tamponade combined with vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of retinal detachment (RD).Methods:Ninety-seven patients (97 eyes) with RD who underwent 23G PPV combined with C3F8 tamponade at the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University Third Hospital from March to November 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, there were 45 males (45 eyes) and 52 females (52 eyes) ranged from 41 to 71 years with an average age of (56.5±15.2) years. According to the gas tamponade type, the patients were divided into pure gas group with 33 cases (33 eyes) and mixed gas group with 64 cases (64 eyes). All patients were treated by gas tamponade combined with PPV, and the pure gas group was given an appropriate amount of 100% C3F8, and the mixed gas group was given a mixture of non-expanding concentration of C3F8 and sterile air. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, axial length, the last retinal reattachment rate after operation and postoperative ocular inflammation were determined and recorded. The BCVA, intraocular pressure, axial length were in accordance with the normal distribution, described by ±s, and compared by the independent sample t test for inter-group and paired sample t test for intra-group before and after operation. The range of intraocular pressure and postoperative ocular inflammation in the two groups were described by the eyes number and percentage and compared by rank sum test for inter-group. Fisher′s exact test was used for the last retinal reattachment rate after operation. Repeated measurement data at multiple time points were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.Results:In the pure gas group, the time for intraocular gas preparation, gas injection and C3F8 consumption were (2.48±0.51)s, (5.09±1.21)s and (0.64±0.20)ml, respectively. In the mixed gas group, those were (16.62±6.20)s, (180.34±34.30)s and (4.69±2.59)ml, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (t= -18.207, -40.836, -12.41; P<0.05). The last retinal reattachment rate was 97.0% in pure gas group and 98.4% in mixed gas group after operation for 6 months, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the group effect of intraocular pressure between the two groups before surgery, immediately after surgery, after surgery for 1 day and 1 month (Fgroup=0.032, P>0.05). The time effect was statistically significant (Ftime=23.215, P<0.05). The interaction effect was not statistically significant (Finteraction=1.735, P>0.05). In the pure gas group, there were 8 cases (8 eyes) with the highest intraocular pressure < 21 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 14 cases (14 eyes) with the highest intraocular pressure from 21 mmHg to 30 mmHg, and 11 cases (11 eyes) with the highest intraocular pressure ≥30 mmHg, accounting for 24.2%, 42.4% and 33.3%, respectively. In the mixed gas group, there were 18 cases (18 eyes) with the highest intraocular pressure < 21 mmHg, 32 cases (32 eyes) with the highest intraocular pressure from 21 mmHg to 30 mmHg, and 14 cases (14 eyes) with the highest intraocular pressure ≥30 mmHg, accounting for 28.1%, 50.0% and 21.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the highest intraocular pressure between the two groups (Z= -0.979, P>0.05). The BCVA of the pure gas group was better than that of the mixed gas group at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (t= -2.497, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative ocular inflammation between the pure gas group and the mixed gas group (Z= -1.430, P> 0.05).Conclusions:Compared with the mixed gas tamponade group, the pure gas group has a better RD efficacy, no postoperative complications, and shows better postoperative BCVA. It can shorten the time of intraocular gas preparation and injection and reduce the dosage of C3F8.