Появление кремниевой фотоники за последние два десятилетия создало условия для того, чтобы кремний стал предпочтительной платформой для фотонной интеграции. В этом обзоре мы предлагаем наш взгляд на растущую область интегральной фотоники ближнего инфракрасного диапазона на кремнии и перспективные технологии обеспечения этого роста. Представлен комплексный обзор современного состояния таких ключевых фотонных устройств, как волноводы, источники света и детекторы.

Обнаружено, что УФ-излучение с длиной волны 257 и 320 nm, не вызывает свечение А-полосы, что связано, по-видимому, с прямым межзонным фотовозбуждением алмаза. In this paper nature crystals of the pink and brown colored diamonds with the evident plastic deformations were comprehensively studied with IR-Fourier spectroscopy and photoluminescence methods. A- and B-centers presence were revealed by IR-Fourier specters. Femtosecond (250 fs) UV-range laser pulses with wavelength of 257, 320, 352 and 365 nm inducted photoluminescence demonstrates N3 and H3 photoluminescence centers and broad structureless A-band luminescence. It was found that UV radiation with a wavelength of 257 and 320 nm does not cause A-band luminescence, which might be due to direct interband photoexcitation of diamond.

A study of three-dimensional photoluminescence of natural diamonds of two types, differing in morphology and absorption in the infrared range, was carried out. It is shown that, depending on the type and concentration of nitrogen defects in natural diamond, the position of the absorption band maximum can shift, which determines the pink or brown color of diamonds. The results of the study were carried out photoluminescence spectra at two pump wavelengths (488 and 532 nm), which make it possible to determine the optical centers that contribute to the color of diamonds. It is shown that complex nitrogen defects appear in natural colored diamonds as a result of plastic deformation, which determine the properties of the diamond.

The writing process of birefringent structures in the volume of fused silica by focused ultrashort laser pulses with wavelength in visible range and various values of pulse energy, pulse duration, repetition rate, numerical aperture and moving substrate velocity has been studied. The retardance value of fabricated structures has been measured and influence of the subsequent annealing of these structures has been studied. It was shown, that combination of writing layered structures with subsequent annealing provides structures with high homogeneity, required retardance value and high transmittance.

Using high-temperature lamellar deformation in an argon atmosphere, diamond samples were sealed into an immersion solid-state composition based on ZnSe to visualize the internal structure of diamond in the visible region of the spectrum. The absence of pyrohydrolysis processes at the ZnSe-diamond interface was shown by the following methods: Raman scattering of light, X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. Visualization of graphic images inside the diamond through a five-millimeter layer of solid-state immersion based on ZnSe was made.

A study of high-NA focusing process of ultrashort laser pulses in bulk of ZnSe has been carried out. It is shown that when focusing laser Gaussian beam with high-aperture lenses into a transparent medium aberration distortions occur leading to an increase in focal spot size. The results of experimental studies on ablation of front and back surfaces of a plane-parallel plate with 4 mm thickness made of ZnSe by laser pulses with a duration of 0.3ps, 1ps, 10ps and a wavelength of 1030nm focused by a micro lens (NA=0.55) are presented. It is shown that at low pulse energies focusing can be considered in a linear mode in which focal spot size is due to aberration distortions.

The optical properties of point luminescent centers formed in the volume IaA-type natural diamond under the action of ultrashort laser pulses in the visible range (515 nm) with durations of 0.3–2.4 ps were investigated. The analysis using confocal Raman spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of nitrogen vacancy centers (NV) and there are no graphitization traces in processing areas. The luminescence amplitude of NV centers depends linearly on the exposure time at different durations of ultrashort laser pulses.

In this work, we study the nonlinear absorption of ultrashort laser pulses of variable duration (0.3–10 ps) in a bulk polycrystalline ZnSe dielectric. The transmission of the sample was measured for two wavelengths, 515 and 1030 nm, in a wide range of intensities. A nonlinear behavior of the transmission is found when the sample is irradiated with laser radiation at a wavelength of 515 nm with absorption saturation in the region of 3–5 TW/cm2. Surface damage thresholds were obtained for a wavelength of 1030 nm for pulse durations of 0.3–10 ps.

Исследовано взаимодействие фемтосекундных лазерных импульсов с поверхностью кварцевого стекла. В результате интерференции между падающим излучением и поверхностными плазмон-поляритонами наблюдалось образование самоорганизующихся субволновых периодических структур с периодом 250 nm. Выявлена минимальная энергия в импульсе, при которой запись происходит без абляции поверхности. Ключевые слова: прямая лазерная запись, фемтосекундные лазерные импульсы, кварц, нанорешетки.

The interaction of femtosecond laser radiation with a wavelength of 1030 nm with chalcogenide glasses of various compositions has been studied. The dependence of the optical transmission of chalcogenide glasses on the pulse energy and frequency has been experimentally established. The compositions of glasses for their use as an optical medium for laser micromachining in the infrared range have been established. It is shown that Ge7Se93 glass is the most suitable optical medium for spectral studies of diamond in the near and mid-IR range.

Using the methods of nanosecond laser ablation in isopropyl alcohol and dry grinding of germanium, germanium nanoparticles were obtained for their possible application in liquid high-index immersion. Structural, chemical, and optical characterization of colloidal nanoparticles was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Производилась модификация поверхности кремния в одноимпульсном режиме фемто-пикосекундными лазерными импульсами (0.3 и 10 ps) ближнего ИК диапазона (1030 nm) при абляции в воздухе и воде. Полученные структуры изучались с помощью микроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света. В ходе исследования установлено, что на границе кратера появляются нанокристаллиты размером 7-8 nm. Обнаружены локальные механические напряжения в центре кратера, знак которых зависит от приложенной плотности энергии. Наибольшие локальные сжимающие напряжения возникают в воде в субфиламентационном режиме при максимальных плотностях энергии. Ключевые слова: кремний, спектроскопия комбинационного рассеяния света, ультракороткие импульсы, одноимпульсная абляция в воздухе и в жидкости, локальные напряжения.

Femtosecond laser structuring of dielectrics is an urgent problem for the creation of optical elements. In this work, we performed femtosecond laser nanostructuring of the calcium fluoride surface with the formation of self-organizing periodic gratings with subwavelength periods of the order of 200 and 350 nm. During the work, the dependence of the period of the structures on the wavelength of laser radiation was established, which was confirmed by the simulation results. The structures show a decrease in transmission over the entire visible range, predominantly due to diffraction and light scattering. Keywords: direct laser recording, femtosecond laser pulses, surface functional nano- and micro-optical structures, diffraction.

Unique silicon nanoparticles doped with sulfur and carbon, as well as partially oxidized, were obtained by nanosecond laser ablation of silicon in liquid carbon disulfide. Their detailed structural, chemical and optical characterization was carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Studies have shown that the sulfur content in the particles is about 1 at. %, due to which they show significant absorption in the mid-IR range.