Aim . To analyze the results of the GastroPanel and GastroScreen-3 tests over a 15-year follow-up and determine the incidence of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in clinical practice and in a random sample of Novosibirsk residents. Materials and methods . Biomarkers were analyzed in two groups: 1,742 people, average age of 50.0 ± 13.53 years (GastroPanel test, Biohit Oy, Finland), and 170 people, average age of 53.8 ± 12.89 years (GastroScreen-3 test, Vector-Best, Russia), from 2007 to 2022. The AIG incidence was calculated in current clinical practice and in a random sample of Novosibirsk residents aged 45–69 years. The PGI level of 160 µg / l was taken as the upper limit of normal, PGI of 31–50 µg / l indicated moderate atrophy, PGI < 30 µg / l and the PGI / PGII ratio ≤ 3 indicated severe gastric fundus atrophy. AIG was considered at PGI ≤ 10.1 μg / l, the PGI / PGI ratio ≤ 1.3, and gastrin-17 ≥ 42.4 pmol / l (GastroPanel) and at PGI ≤ 16.8 μg / l and the PGI / PGII ratio ≤ 1.5 (GastroScreen-3). The H. pylori IgG level > 42 EIU was considered to be positive. Antibodies to CagA protein were determined using the HelicoBest Antibody test (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk). Results . Serological signs of severe and moderate gastric fundus atrophy were detected in 10 and 9.4% (GastroPanel test) and in 13.3 and 7% (GastroScreen-3 test) of those examined, respectively. Signs of multifocal atrophy were found in 0.7% of cases. Antibodies to H. pylori were detected in 57.7%, CagA+ strain – in 56.1% of cases. Peptic ulcer disease (PGI ≥160 µg / l) was found in 15.3% (GastroPanel test) and 10% (GastroScreen-3 test) of the examined. According to the GastroPanel and GastroScreen-3 tests, the incidence of AIG was 1.6% in a random sample and 2.6 and 3.5% in current clinical practice, respectively. Conclusion . Twenty percent of the examined persons were at risk of developing gastric cancer and 10–15% had peptic ulcer disease, which requires further examination. The incidence of AIG in different study groups based on serological screening was 1.6–3.5%.

Early diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is quite difficult in a physician’s daily practice. Since the disease is asymptomatic for a long time, it is often diagnosed already with severe atrophy with the loss of a large number of gastric glands and potentially significant pernicious anemia, and sometimes with the onset of cancer. Morphological and endoscopic changes do not occur immediately and are not specific in patients with AIG. In this case, non-invasive diagnostics play a key role. The diagnostics of AIG are often done in patients with vitamin B12 and iron deficiency. However, the development of these deficiencies can take a long time. The non-invasive technique with the determination of such biomarkers as pepsinogen I, II (PGI, PG II), their ratio, gastrin-17, as well as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, including a cytotoxic (CagA +) strain, is used to exclude preclinical stages of AIG. The titer determination of anti-parietal cell antibodies and the anti-intrinsic factor antibodies allows identifying the immune nature of gastritis. But recent studies show that these markers can be negative in some patients. This article actualizes the problem of early diagnosis of AIG and demonstrates the importance of practical application of currently existing non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of stomach diseases.

Patients with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) often have anemia of various origins. Hematological disorders usually portend severe atrophy, and in many cases, are the only indicators of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with AIG for their possible use in diagnostics. Material and methods. 73 patients with AIG (mean age 55.3 ± 12.54 years) and 38 people of the control group were examined. Electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied by dielectrophoresis. Results. Statistically significant decrease in the average cell diameter, the proportion of discocyties cells and an increase in the proportion of spherocytes, deformed forms were found in the group of patients with AIG in combination with Helicobaсter рylori (H. pylori, H.p.) infection compared with healthy individuals. Patients with AIG had significantly lower levels of amplitude of deformation, membrane capacity, dipole moment, speed of cell movement to the electrodes, polarizability at high frequencies of the electric field (106, 0.5×106 Hz), relative polarizability, and, conversely, higher values of membrane conductivity, aggregation, destruction indexes, summarized viscosity, rigidity, than those in the comparison group. Between groups of patients with and without H. pylori infection, differences were found in indicators reflecting the surface charge of erythrocytes – the speed of movement to the electrodes (p = 0.019), the dipole moment (p < 0.001) and the state of the membranes – its capacity (p = 0.004). The diagnostic model, which includes three parameters of erythrocytes – the dipole moment, the speed of movement to the electrodes, the capacity of the cell membrane, provided high diagnostic accuracy of distinguishing AIG H.p. (+) and H.p. (–) – area under ROC curve AUC 0.925, sensitivity 92.4 %, specificity 89.7 %. Conclusions: Electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes are promising in the diagnosis of AIG, including on the background of H. pylori infection.

The article presents a clinical case of a 38-year-old patient with revealed polyps of the stomach body and iron deficiency anemia on the background of chronic atrophic gastritis. On the example of this observation, variants of the course were demonstrated, including endoscopic and histological manifestations of autoimmune (atrophic corpus) gastritis (AIG). In parallel, the issues of diagnosis and management of patients with the most common polyps in the stomach are discussed. The problem of timely diagnosis of AIG and the advantages of non-invasive methods for assessing the functional state of the stomach is also being actualized.

The cholesterol ester transfer protein regulates cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues. The cholesterol ester transfer protein is encoded by CETP gene. The review describes the association of CETP gene variants with metabolic changes in different diets. The association of diet and metabolic changes depends on the sample size, individual and age characteristics of the patients, the duration of the observation, and the analysis of the spectrum of the CETP gene variants.

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common gastrointestinal causes for hospitalization after acute appendicitis. Despite recent advances in the treatment methods, mortality from acute pancreatitis and its complications remains high. Hypertriglyceridemia is an underestimated cause of acute pancreatitis, accounting for 10% among other etiological factors. Timely diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia, a personalized approach, and the selection of adequate lipid-lowering therapy allow reducing the risk of developing and/or preventing recurrent acute pancreatitis. The article presents the clinical case of a patient with recurrent pancreatitis and hypertriglyceridemia. Despite high levels of triglycerides and annual hospitalizations for recurrent pancreatitis, the patient has not received optimal treatment for a long time. Therefore, lipid-modifying therapy has not been prescribed and none dietary recommendations have been suggested, including the exclusion of alcoholic beverages. Structural changes in the pancreas (the formation of pseudocysts) and the progression of pancreatogenic diabetes have developed.

В статье представлен клинический случай пациента 63 лет с анемией на фоне хронического атрофического гастрита и неэффективностью лечения препаратами железа. На примере данного наблюдения проанализированы ошибки, возникающие при диагностике и ведении пациентов с аутоиммунным (атрофическим фундальным) гастритом (АИГ). Параллельно обсуждаются вопросы патогенеза АИГ, связи с Helicobacter рylori (H. pyloi) инфекцией. Актуализируется проблема своевременной диагностики АИГ и преимуществ неинвазивных методик оценки функционального состояния желудка.