Рассмотрены примеры фазовых переходов в атомных ядрах, идущих при увеличении энергии возбуждения, углового момента и изменении числа нуклонов. Продемонстрирована возможность описания этих переходов в рамках коллективных моделей с гамильтонианом, зависящим от небольшого числа динамических переменных.

Various approaches to calculation of the coefficients of the transport equation which describes the process of multinucleon transfers, are analyzed. It is shown that, without resorting to the averaging of matrix elements over many shell configurations, one can obtain expressions for transition probabilities that include the effects of nuclear shell structure. On this basis, the yield of light nuclei in reactions induced by heavy ions is studied in the framework of the degenerate-shell model. The calculations, which are carried out on the assumption that the wave functions of high-lying one-particle states of the system are not concentrated in one nucleus but are distributed over the two nuclei proportionally to their volumes, lead to an appreciable increase of the yield of light elements as compared to calculations in which one-particle states are assumed to belong to only one of the nuclei forming the double system.