Проведена последовательная сорбция вируса B/Москва/04/2017 и бактерий, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri 2a, на электропроводящие полимеры – полипиррол (PPy) и полианилин (PANI), а также их композиты с наночастицами серебра (PPy-Ag). Показано, что сорбционная активность полимеров, содержащих предварительно сорбированный вирус, в отношении бактерий снижается в следующей последовательности: PANI > PPy-Ag >PANI-Ag > PPy (для Shigella flexneri 2a) и PANI > PANI-Ag> PPy-Ag > PPy (для Staphylococcus aureus). Высокие сорбционные характеристики позволяют использовать данные материалы в качестве фильтров двойного назначения - антивирусных и антибактериальных

Для сорбции вирусов гриппа из водной среды применен электропроводящий полимер полипиррол с сопряженной структурой цепей. Исследована эффективность связывания вируса полимером для чего, использованы различные факторы, разрушающие сорбционные взаимодействия: воздействие растворителя, повышенная температура, ультразвук. Изучена возможность десорбции вируса под действием перечисленных факторов. Определена инфекционная активность вирусов в обработанных сорбентом водных средах, в комплексах с полимером, у десорбированных вирусов

Composites of polymers with conjugated chain structures, polyaniline and polypyrrole, are used as sorbents for human and bird flu viruses. Sorption properties of the composites are compared to characteristics of the initial polymers. It is shown that polymer composites containing metallic silver nanoparticles possess sorption activity, similarly to their composites with polyethylene and the initial polyaniline and polypyrrole. The introduction of silver into polypyrrole resulted in an enhancement of the sorption activity as compared to that of the initial polymer. Nontoxic metal—polymer composites reduce considerably the concentrations of human flu viruses A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B and bird flu virus A(H5N2) with different structures of surface virion proteins in aqueous media at a sorbent concentration of 10–20 mg/mL in the temperature range from +4 to 37°C.

The comparative examination of the interaction of the influenza A and B viruses and fragments of DNA with the carbon nanotubes--composites of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes and granules containing Ag and without Ag was performed. The increased absorption of the allantois viruses and DNA was demonstrated in composites with Ag. The influence of temperature in the range of 4-36 degrees C was not found to be essential. The intensive absorption took place within the first 15 min of the contact with the sorbents. In total, the properties of the composites of PANI nanotubes + Ag 30% are the most promising for the influenza viruses and DNA absorption in water solutions.

The results of study of the specific features of influenza virus circulation in 2013-2014 in 10 cities of Russia were presented. The results were obtained in basic laboratories of the Center for Ecology and Epidemiology of Influenza, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, FSBI «N.F. Gamaleya FRCE M» Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The increasing rate of the ARD morbidity was detected during week 9 with further decrease in the morbidity rate till threshold levels reached during week 13. Children 0-2 years old and 3-6 years old were the most involved age group, while the highest rate of hospitalization was found in the age group of 15-64 years old (66%). The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were the cause of the epidemic, but their activity differed over regions of Russia. The results of study of the antigenic and genetic properties of influenza strains showed for the most of them a close relation to the vaccine strains. Certain heterogeneity of circulating strains and their drift variants was found as well. All the tested strains were sensitive to the oseltamivir and zanamivir, while preserving resistance to the rimantadine. The ratio of the AR D viruses was comparable with the last epidemic seasons.

The peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation in 2012-2013 are discussed. The results were obtained in 10 cities of Russia, where basic laboratories of the Influenza Ecology and Epidemics Center of on the basis of Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, are situated. The increasing rate of the ARD morbidity caused by influenza viruses was observed in January-March 2013. The highest indices of the morbidity were detected during 6-7 weeks with the following decreasing rate till threshold levels to week 14. The influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2), and B viruses were the cause of the epidemic, but their activity differed over areas of Russia. The results of study of the antigenic and genetic properties of the influenza strains demonstrated closed relatives with respect to vaccine strains. In addition, some heterogeneity of the circulating strains and their drift variants were found as well. All tested strains were sensitive to oseltamivir (excluding one A (H1N1) pdm09 strain), zanamivir, arbidol, and remained resistant to rimantadine. The ratio of the ARD viruses was comparable with the last epidemic seasons.

Polyaniline and its composites with carbon nanotubes or silver nanoparticles are prepared and characterized via electron microscopy, spectroscopy, conductometry, and BET analysis. The in vitro and in vivo toxicities of the materials are studied, and then the materials are used as sorbents of the influenza A and B viruses. It is shown that the best sorption capacity with respect to all of the virus strains is exhibited by the polyaniline composite with silver, which provides for almost complete removal of viruses from aqueous solutions.

The goal of this work was to analyze the antigenic structure of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and to develop a sandwich ELISA for identification of pandemic strains. Competitive ELISA demonstrated that 6 MAbs against HA of the pandemic influenza A/ IIV-Moscow/01/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 virus identified six epitopes. Binding of MAbs with 22 strains circulating in Russian Federation during 2009-2012 was analyzed in the hemagglutination-inhibition test (HI). The MAbs differed considerably in their ability to decrease the HI activity of these strains. MAb 5F7 identified all examined strains; MAbs 3A3 and 10G2 reacted with the majority of them. A highly sensitive sandwich ELISA was constructed based on these three MAbs that can differentiate the pandemic influenza strains from the seasonal influenza virus. The constancy of the HA epitope that reacts with MAb 5F7 provides its use for identification of the pandemic influenza strains in HI test. MAbs 3D9, 6A3 and 1E7 are directed against the variable HA epitopes, being sensitive to several amino acid changes in Sa, Sb, and Ca2 antigenic sites and in receptor binding site. These MAbs can be used to detect differences in HA structure and to study the antigenic drift of the pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09.

The results of the genetic studies of influenza viruses make it possible to understand their evolution and recommendations for vaccine strains content. In this work, the data of complete sequence of the На, NA, and M2-protein for 34 strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus circulating in russia during 2007-2012 are presented. the influenza strains were isolated in ivanovsky institute of Virology, Moscow, and some collaborating russian centers. the results of the phylogenetic analysis showed the differences among strains, which were observed during the analyzed period; the evolution had direction from A/Brisbane/10/2007 to A/Perth/16/2009 and А/ Victoria/208/2009. hemagglutinin of the influenza A(H3N2) virus strains had differences between strains of last two seasons and strains circulating before, in the antigenic sites A, B, D, and, to a lesser extent, c, and E. in the neuraminidase gene the mutations responsible for the resistance to oseltamivir (E119V, R292K, N294s) and zanamivir (Q136K) were not found. All isolates carry the s31N mutation in the M2 gene responsible for resistance to amantadine.

The results of analysis of the peculiarities of the epidemic 2011-2012 development in the areas of 10 cities of Russia obtained by basic laboratories of IEES on the base of D.I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Public Health and Social Development of Russia, are presented. The increasing ARD morbidity caused by the influenza viruses was detected rather late--in February-March 2012. The highest indices of the morbidity were detected during weeks 10-13 followed by decreasing to threshold levels by week 27. Children 0-2 and 3-6 years old were involved the most, meantime the high rate of hospitalization was found for 15-64 years old aged group (25%). Influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses were the cause of the epidemic. The results of studies of the antigenic and genetic properties of the influenza strains showed most of them to be close relatives to the vaccine strains. Some heterogeneity of circulating strains and their drift variants were found as well. All tested strains were sensitive to arbidol, oseltamivir and zanamivir, and saved resistance to rimantadine. The ratio of ARD viruses was comparable with the last epidemic seasons.

A modern nanomaterial made of Taunit multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was used for the first time to adsorb and desorb gramicidin S and teicoplanin A2 polypeptide antibiotics. Taunit was found to absorb efficiently antibiotics under particular conditions when MWCNTs were taken in excess at 20°C for 18 h. The desorption efficiency depended on the eluent content and the structure of antibiotics. The teicoplanin A2 antibiotic was eluted with a higher yield because of its higher polarity compared to gramicidin S (86% against 65% of the total Taunit-bound antibiotic).

The paper gives the results of a comparative analysis of the detection of influenza viruses in clinical samples, by using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by virus isolation in MDCK cell cultures. The investigation employed 267 nasopharyngeal swab specimens obtained from patients with influenza symptoms during two epidemic seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010). Influenza viruses were found in 104 samples (48 with influenza A virus (IAV) and 56 with influenza B virus (IBV)) by multiplex RT-RCR and in 84 samples (35 with IAV and 49 with IBV) by a cultural technique. The results of detection of influenza viruses by the two methods showed 89.4% agreement. The diagnostic sensitivity of multiplex RT-PCR testing a panel of the clinical samples in question was estimated to be 94.3% for IAV and 95.9% for IBV. The diagnostic sensitivity of multiplex RT-PCR in virus detection was demonstrated to be not only highly competitive with virus isolation, but also superior to the latter.

The paper gives the results of a comparative analysis of the detection of influenza viruses in clinical samples, by using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by virus isolation in MDCK cell cultures. The investigation employed 267 nasopharyngeal swab specimens obtained from patients with influenza symptoms during two epidemic seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010). Influenza viruses were found in 104 samples (48 with influenza A virus (IAV) and 56 with influenza B virus (IBV)) by multiplex RT-RCR and in 84 samples (35 with IAV and 49 with IBV) by a cultural technique. The results of detection of influenza viruses by the two methods showed 89.4% agreement. The diagnostic sensitivity of multiplex RT-PCR testing a panel of the clinical samples in question was estimated to be 94.3% for IAV and 95.9% for IBV. The diagnostic sensitivity of multiplex RT-PCR in virus detection was demonstrated to be not only highly competitive with virus isolation, but also superior to the latter.

The paper gives the results of monitoring the circulation of influenza viruses in the 2010-2011 season, that covers the second year of circulation of pandemic A(H1N1)v virus strains, and their interaction with seasonal A (H3N2) and B strains. Unlike the previous season, the beginning of an increase in morbidity was recorded in January 2011; its peak in the most of contiguous areas was noted at 5-7 weeks of 2011, with its further decline to threshold levels at week 11 of 2011. Preschool and school children were most involved in the epidemic process. Three influenza virus strains (A(H1N1)v, A(H3N2), and B) were found to circulate. Differences were found in the level of participation of the isolated strains in individual areas of the Russian Federation. Detailed typing of the isolated strains determined the compliance of the vast majority of them with vaccine viruses. The pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus strains retained their susceptibility to oseltamivir and were resistant to rimantadine. The participation of non-influenza acute respiratory viral infection pathogens was estimated as follows: 11.9% for parainfluenza viruses, 5.9% for adenoviruses, and 3.5% for PC viruses, and 0.7% for pneumonia Mycoplasma, which was comparable with the previous epidemic seasons.