Molecular genetics is one of the key tools of modern medicine. With its help, scientists can study the structure and function of DNA, decode genetic codes, and develop new treatments. In the conditions of the modern world, where global crises, such as the war in Ukraine, occur more and more often, the role of molecular genetics goes far beyond standard medical tasks and becomes critically important for solving social, legal and humanitarian problems. Thus, molecular technologies have become an important tool both in the public health maintenance and in the human rights protection. Aim. Study and optimization of methods of molecular genetic identification of a person using DNA analysis in forensic practice. Materials and methods. The study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and accuracy of DNA analysis for solving identification tasks, as well as its application in the conditions of complex biological samples, which is important for ensuring the reliability of DNA expertise results in the context of forensics. At the first stage, a cytological examination is performed to identify cells with nuclei, after which DNA extraction is performed using proteinase treatment, phenol-chloroform purification, or the “Chelex” ion exchange resin method. The “Applied Biosystems” 7300 RealTime PCR Systems device is used to assess the quantity and quality of the isolated DNA, which allows to establish the state of the DNA for further analysis by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. With the help of this method, which allows amplification of even minimal fragments of DNA, it is possible to obtain millions of copies of DNA, which enables its further study, even in the presence of trace amounts of biological traces. The obtained data are analyzed using the “Applied Biosystems” 3500 genetic analyzer, which has 8 columns and allows the simultaneous analysis of 8 objects and the four-channel “SeqStudio” genetic analyzer. This method helps to detail the length of DNA fragments and distinguish them by fluorescent labeling, which is used to build a DNA profile and establish kinship or identity. Results. The results of the study confirm that the use of molecular methods allows achieving high levels of accuracy, reproducibility and reliability of data. This is especially important for complex cases where other methods cannot give the desired result. As a result, molecular technologies of DNA analysis have proven themselves as an effective method that allows not only to identify a person, but also to restore the chronology of events based on micro-traces of traces of biological origin, which significantly increases the accuracy and reliability of examinations, and helps in solving crimes. Conclusions. The introduction of molecular technology into expert practice allows to perform the analysis of extremely small amounts of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and thus to achieve the maximum effectiveness of researching the most complex biological objects to date: hair that has fallen out (one of the most frequently recovered objects from crime scenes); bone remains (including exhumed ones); mummified and dried tissues; cells of the epidermis. In the world, forensic DNA analysis is recognized as one of the most promising areas of development of forensic examinations, and its results are currently one of the most reliable pieces of evidence. This proves the relevance of research in the field of molecular biology and genetics, which are aimed at improving the methods of DNA analysis. The relevance of research is also due to the need to increase the accuracy and reliability of the obtained data, which is especially important when working with minimal biological samples or severely damaged materials.

One of the most common eye diseases is a burn injury. Hence, one of the pressing challenges in the field of pharmacy today is the development of new ophthalmic medications, specifically eye drops. Researchers from the Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic, and Bioorganic Chemistry at Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, led by Professor I. A. Mazur, have successfully synthesized a novel compound. This compound is a derivative of 1,2,4-triazole, specifically (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-5-thioacetate. Notably, this compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and reparative activities. The aim of the work is to develop a method of quantitative determination of the active substance in Angiolin eye drops by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Materials and methods. The research employed a liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV detector. A column Hypersil ODS C-18 measuring 250 by 4.6 millimeters with a particle size of 5 microns was used. Results. It was determined that the angiolin content in the 1 % eye drops in series 1 falls within the range of 0.985 to 1.010 grams. This indicates that, in terms of the active substance content, the studied series complies with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, a method for quantitatively determining the active substance in Angiolin eye drops using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed.

The eyes are one of the most vulnerable human organs. An important place among all traumatic injuries belongs to burns, which are characterized by a large number of adverse consequences. Today, the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is mainly occupied by drugs of foreign origin, therefore, the urgent task of modern pharmacy is to create and expand the range of the domestic pharmaceutical market and the relative cheapness of the drug in comparison with other drugs, in a future. The employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU), together with specialists from NPO Pharmatron, synthesized a new compound called “Angiolin” ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl -5-thioacetate). The obtained compound has anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, reparative effect .A rational dosage form in the form of eye drops was proposed and created for the new drug. The aim of the work is to develop a technique for standardizing the active substance in “Angiolin” eye drops ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-5-thioacetate) by spectrophotometry. Materials and methods: A certified substance of аngiolin was used in the research (manufacturer: State Enterprise “Plant of Chemical Reagents” of the Scientific and Technological Complex “Institute of Single Crystals” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, series 2451117). The spectrophotometric method for the analysis of the аngiolin substance was taken as a basis. The studies were carried out using an Optizen POP spectrophotometer, measurements were carried out at a wavelength in the range of 200–300 nm, a cuvette thickness of 10 mm. Results. Studies were performed on six series of 1% eye drops “Angiolin”, which was quantified by spectrophotometric method. It was found that the content of аngiolin in eye drops was in the range of 0.00981–0.01011 g/ml. Thus, in terms of the content of the active substance, the studied series of eye drops meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia. Subsequently, another five series of «Angiolin» eye drops were analyzed, which also met the pharmacopoeial requirements for the content of the active substance (0.00980–0.01015 g/ml). We believe that the developed method for standardizing eye drops is reproducible. Conclusion: In the research, we have developed a method for standardizing the active substance in “Angiolin” eye drops by spectrophotometry. The developed technique is reproducible, accurate, and in the future, after its validation, it can be used in the standardization of the active substance in various dosage forms.

Visual organ injuries are still one of the main causes of blindness and occupational disability. Despite the good protection of the eyeball by the bone walls of the orbit and adnexa oculi, its injuries are 5–10 % of the total number of all damages in peacetime and about 20 % in wartime. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) together with the specialists of the SPA “Farmatron” under the supervision of professor I. A. Mazur synthesized a new compound, called Angiolin. The aim of the research is to study the anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, reparative activity of the Angiolin eye drops action during a chemical burn of the cornea rabbits modeling. Materials and methods: The pharmacological efficacy of the prepared Angiolin eye drops in concentrations: 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 % and 2.5 % has been studied. All studies were carried out on 40 eyes of 20 Chinchilla breed rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.1–3.5 kg. The chemical burn model was reproduced according to the Obenberger method using 10 % sodium hydroxide solution (application of8 mm blotting paper), exposure time 20 seconds, after preliminary installation anesthesia with 0.5 % Alcaine solution. Results. Based on experimental data, it can be noted that Angiolin eye drops in concentrations: 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 %, 2.5 % show almost the same pharmacological activity, and 1 % Angiolin eye drops were the most effective, that gives us the opportunity for further study. Conclusions. Angiolin eye drops exhibit high anti-inflammatory, wound healing, reparative activity in the treatment of eye burn. As a result of the study, it was found that 1 % of Angiolin eye drops turned out to be the most effective. The obtained results are an experimental rationale for further study of 1 % Angiolin eye drops.