В монографии представлены результаты полевых исследований, статистической обработки метеорологических материалов по метеостанциям за разные десятилетия и анализ данных дистанционного зондирования Земли в разных ландшафтных зонах и геоморфологических провинциях Саратовской области с применением ГИС-технологий. На основе полученной информации дана оценка влияния современных климатических изменений на отдельные свойства и компоненты ландшафтов Саратовской области с целью прогнозирования и разработки рекомендаций по оптимизации природопользования в слабозасушливой и засушливой зонах Европейской России. Для научных работников, специалистов, занятых в сфере природоохраны и природопользования, структурах регионального территориального управления, в социальной сфере, медицине и образовании.

Northern semi-desert with zapadinny microrelief area is located in the south of Saratov Oblast. Microrelief contributes to moisture redistribution and its accumulation in micro-depressions (swales, or Russian name “zapadines”) under conditions of extremely low precipitation (312 mm per year). This allows to form a specific surface, where micro-slopes with light chestnut soils (44.1%), micro-hills with solonetzs (37.5%) and micro-depressions with meadow chestnut soils (18.4%) coexist. Studies of the microcomplex semi-desert were carried out in Aleksandrovo-Gaysky district at the key site (100 × 100 m) in 2010 and 2020. The morphological structure of the landscape is preserved, but the quality of soil and vegetation cover has changed significantly. The projective cover of the herbaceous layer has decreased by 20-30%, the species diversity has significantly decreased as well. Herbaceous vegetation has almost disappeared in the micro-depressions, and the height of the spirea shrub has decreased from 1-1.4 m (2010) to 0.5-0.7 m (2020). Semi-desert landscapes are used for grazing cattle, sheep, goats and horses. The density of pasture trails on the key site was 0.11 m/square m in 2010, and 0.17 m/square m in 2020. The landscape area disturbed by livestock trails increased from 3% (2010) to 4.7% (2020) of the site area. The upper soil layer on trails is in a loose state to a depth of 4-6 cm. It is necessary to reduce pasture load, limit grazing time and take measures to organize the Priuzen semi-desert reserve to preserve microcomplex semi-desert landscapes.

О ПРИЧИНАХ НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНОЙ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ В ПРИВОЛЖСКОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ: ОНКОГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ О. М. Конопацкова

Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н

The article shows the experience of urboecologists and oncologists coworking to introduce new methods of detection and prevention of malignant neoplasms in Saratov on the basis of complex geoecological researches using GIS-technologies. Also the structure and content of cartographic databases of specialized medical and geographic GIS, which allows creating carcinogenic situation maps, making screening researches and developing recommendations for oncologists and other medical specialties on the basis of there are considered.

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Саратовский государственный университетE-mail: makarovvz@rambler.ruВ статье рассмотрены причины и факторы сильной запыленности воздушного бассейна г. Саратова. Оценена пылевая составляю-щая загрязнения городской атмосферы. Выполнен анализ содер-жания пылевой фракции городского воздуха по типам урболанд-шафтных участков. Определены объёмы пылевых выпадений из атмосферы на разные участки города по данным снегогеохими-ческих наблюдений, прямых замеров запылённости воздуха на пунктах непрерывного контроля состояния атмосферы и анализа пылевых выпадений на листву деревьев и тканые материалы.

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In article considers municipal districts sustainable development problems and also offers set of characteristics for its cartographical assessmentand prediction.