The system of post-launch absolute calibration and validation has been developed for observations of microwave radiometer MTVZA-GYa (module for temperature and humidity sounding of the atmosphere) onboard Meteor-M No. 2 satellite.An onboard calibration technique is used for converting the signals from MTVZA-GYa to antenna temperatures T a .Due to various error sources the T a values can differ from calibrated sensor brightness temperatures T b .To derive T b from T a the regression methods are applied and the modeled brightness temperatures are used as reference data.The modeled brightness temperatures are calculated using two radiative transfer models (RTM) -RTM RTTOV and RTM SPbSU.The NWP products are used as input to RTM calculations.Comparison of T b values calculated with both RTMs shows the consistency of modeling results and the ability of using them in cal/val system for MTVZA-GYa data.The results of post-launch absolute calibration of MTVZA-GYa observations in imaging/ sounding channels are presented for some days in 2015.

A brief description of the MTVZA-GYa microwave radiometer installed on the Meteor-M No. 2 Russian polar orbiting meteorological satellite is presented. The procedures of bias correction and quality control indispensable in satellite data assimilation are considered. The operational system of global data assimilation by the Hydrometcenter of Russia is briefly described. Results of numerical experiments on the assimilation of MTVZA-GYa observations in six temperature-sensitive channels are given. It is demonstrated that the assimilation of these data significantly improves the accuracy of short-range weather forecasts in the Southern Hemisphere. The effect of the use of MTVZA-GY data in the Northern Hemisphere is neutral.

Исследована возможность дистанционного мониторинга общего содержания озона (ОСО) в атмосфере по данным многоканального сканирующего устройства – геостационарного (МСУ-ГС), с отечественного метеоспутника “Электро-Л” № 1. Наряду с измерениями МСУ-ГС в трех каналах (8.2–9.2, 9.2–10.2, 10.2–11.2 мкм) для оценивания ОСО в качестве дополнительных предикторов используются данные о вертикальных распределениях температуры в озоновом слое, температуре и давлении на уровне подстилающей поверхности (результаты спутникового зондирования или прогностические данные). Построение оценок ОСО выполняется с помощью регуляризованного регрессионного алгоритма (гребневая регрессия), причем для формирования обучающих и контрольных выборок используются независимые оценки ОСО по данным аппаратуры OMI, установленные на спутнике EOS Aura. Численные эксперименты по обработке реальных данных МСУ-ГС за отдельные сроки периода с ноября 2011 г. по август 2012 г. показали возможность организации регулярного мониторинга полей ОСО с высокими пространственным и временным разрешениями и приемлемым уровнем погрешности: модуль относительных средних отклонений и относительные среднеквадратичные отклонения между оценками по данным МСУ-ГС и OMI лежат в диапазоне 1–2% и 5–7% соответственно, в зависимости от типа подстилающей поверхности.

The possibility of remotely monitoring the total atmospheric ozone content (TAOC) using data from the multichannel geostationary scanning instrument (MGSI) aboard the Elektro-L no. 1 Russian meteorological satellite is explored. In addition to the MGSI measurements in three channels (8.2–9.2, 9.2–10.2, and 10.2–11.2 μm), data on the vertical temperature distributions in the ozone layer and the temperature and pressure at the underlying terrain level (satellite sensing results or forecast data) are used as additional predictors in the process of TAOC estimation. The TAOC estimates are constructed with the use of a regularized regression algorithm (ridge regression). The learning and check samples are formed using independent TAOC estimates based on the data gathered by the OMI instrument aboard the EOS Aura satellite. Numerical experiments in processing the actual MGSI data gathered over certain periods within the interval from November 2011 to August 2012 reveal the possibility of arranging regular monitoring of the TAOC fields with high spatial and temporal resolutions and an acceptable precision: the absolute value of relative mean deviations and the relative root-mean-square deviations of the estimates based on the MGSI data from the estimates based on the OMI data lie within intervals of 1–2% and 5–7%, respectively, depending on the underlying terrain type.

The method for determining the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere using the data of sounding from geostationary meteorological satellites developed by the authors and based on using inhomogeneities of the conservative admixture concentration field as tracers and on applying the correlation extreme algorithms is described in detail. The accuracies in calculating the horizontal wind velocity vector (V) and coefficient of horizontal mesoscale turbulent diffusion (K d ) are estimated on the basis of processing the data of sounding the atmosphere with a SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) radiometer on the Meteosat-8 and Meteosat-9 European geostationary meteorological satellites in the water vapor channels centered at 6.2 and 7.3 μm and on comparing the results with the data of independent observations and theoretical models. It is indicated that the accuracy in calculating V using the developed method almost coincides with the accuracy of the commonly used foreign methods. In contrast to the methods applied abroad, the developed method makes it possible to determine not only the wind velocity vector field but also the coefficient of mesoscale turbulent diffusion and vorticity on one scale of air mass motion.

A method of determination of atmospheric dynamic characteristics from the data of remote sensing from a geostationary satellite is described. The method is based on the use of inhomogeneities in the concentration field of a conservative additive as tracers and on the application of correlation-extreme algorithms. Unlike the common methods used abroad, this method is able to determine not only the vector field of wind velocity but also the coefficient of turbulent diffusion and vorticity. Results of computations of the fields of the horizontal component of wind velocity and the effective coefficient of horizontal mesoscale turbulent diffusion from the Meteosat-8 SEVIRI water-vapor channel data are presented. It is shown that the average values of the effective coefficient of mesoscale horizontal turbulent diffusion in the areas with a predominantly turbulized air-mass motion are 1.5 times greater than in the areas where a laminar motion dominates. Specific features of the calculated values of the upper-troposphere dynamic characteristics in different stages of the North Atlantic TC Helene (September 2006) are analyzed.

On the basis of quasi-complexized in time and space remote sounding data for the system "ocean-atmosphere" in the UV and VHF wavelengths given are the results derived by TOMS and SSM/I during the studies of a connection of total ozone fiend perturbations and the ocean surface wind field in zones of tropical cyclones action in the Atlantics in the hurricane season of 1998.

The results of analysis of cyclones in the tropical and moderate latitudes and the atmospheric action centers effect on the variability of total ozone (TO) in the Asian-Pacific region are given. The experimental basis of the TO variability analysis were the data of the ozone mapper TOMS and of the ground-based ozonometric network stations in the region studied.

The results are given of the determination of storm and hurricane wind zones effective dimensions made on the basis of remote sounding data of tropical cyclones in the Atlantics during the hurricane season of 1998 obtained by the VHF radiometer SSM/I.

The paper describes a method for determining the characteristics of the middle troposphere (wind field, turbulence, coefficient of turbulent diffusion) from satellite data in the 6.3 micron water-vapour absorption band, using correlation-and-extrema algorithms. These large-scale characteristics are calculated from Meteosat data over the period April-May 1991 and are compared with the wind speed based on observational data from simple and complicated synoptic situations.