The allocation of budgets for renewable energy (RE) technology is significantly influenced by geopolitical risks (GPRs), reflecting the intricate interplay among global political dynamics, social media narratives, and the strategic investment decisions essential for advancing sustainable energy solutions. Against the backdrop of increasing worldwide initiatives to transition to RE sources, it is crucial to understand how GPR affects funding allocations, informing policy decisions, and fostering international collaboration to pursue sustainable energy solutions. Existing work probes the nonlinear effect of GPR on RE technology budgets (RTB) within the top 10 economies characterized by substantial research and development investments in RE (China, USA, Germany, Japan, France, South Korea, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Italy). Past research largely focused on panel data techniques to delve the interconnection between GPR and RE technology, overlooking the distinctive characteristics of individual economies. Contrarily, existing investigation implements the "Quantile-on-Quantile" tool to explore this association on an economy-particular basis, enhancing the precision of our analysis and offering both a comprehensive global perspective and nuanced perceptions for entire countries. The findings manifest a significant reduction in funding for RE technology associated with GPR across various quantile levels in the chosen economies. The disparities in results spotlight the necessity for policymakers to perform thorough assessments and carry out competent strategies to address the variations in GPR and RTB.

The EU leads the world in the application of green finance innovation and the bloc has built a green finance legal framework with clear goals, unified legislation and standards, which is highly in line with international standards. It has been constantly adjusting carbon emission reduction commitments and green finance strategies and actively promoting green finance practices. However, the EU still faces many challenges in advancing green finance: there is controversy within the EU over implementing its green finance strategy, the public finance and private capital struggle to fill the gap in green investment and the low-carbon transition is gradually divorced from the principle of fairness. As the world’s largest energy consumer, China strives to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, stimulating a huge investment and financing demand. With an aim to boost the development of green finance to solve the financing problems, China could base on its own development realities, selectively learn from the EU’ s experience and stick to the principles of moderate tightening and gradual development. Meanwhile, China should strengthen practices in system, standard and innovation.

In recent years, Afghanistan has experienced sustained political instability that is rooted in a relatively low level of modern nation-state building. The traditional tribal and Islamic conservationists are too powerful and restrict the process of nation-state building in Afghanistan. The logic behind a traditional tribal society and a modern nation-state is different, and their power has inherent contradictions in terms of attributes, vectors, and fields of action. The religious conservative tendency fetters the modernization of Afghanistan in different aspects, and the absolute religious right negates national power in concept. In reality, the localization of teaching law eliminates national ability, and fundamentalism stifles the vitality of society. The tribal and religious policies of the new Taliban government will shape the future of Afghanistan politics.