Objectives. To identify neuroplastic changes in brain structures in the treatment of traumatic axonotomy of the brachial plexus using MR morphometry data. Materials and methods. MR morphometry of the gray and white matter of the brain was studied in 62 patients with traumatic axonopathy of the brachial plexus. Results. Correlational relationships were identified between the thickness of the sensorimotor cortex and the morphometric parameters (volume, diffuseness, fractional anisotropy) of subcortical formations (the corticospinal tracts, the forceps minor (frontal) of the corpus callosum) of the brain with the severity of neurological impairments and the dynamics of neurological deficit depending on therapeutic strategy. Conclusions. The data obtained here expand current concepts of the central mechanisms of post-traumatic axon regeneration in a model of traumatic brachial plexopathy and identify the patterns of neuroplastic processes in the CNS and the neuromodulatory effect of Neuromidin and Noofen. Use of individual morphometric parameters as markers for reactive neuroplastic processes in the CNS is suggested.

58 patients with neurological disorders were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. Vascular parkinsonism was revealed in 8 patients, possible progressive supranuclear paralysis — in 5 patients, idiopathic Parkinson disease without vascular encephalopathy — in 32 patients, idiopathic Parkinson disease with vascular complications — in 13 patients. Diagnostic algorithm which consists of clinical patient assessment, patient’s reaction on levodopa treatment, visual assessment of non-contrast magnetic resonance images with analyses of «middle encephalon/pons» ratio is suggested, which allows to increase accuracy of vascular parkinconism diagnostics and differentiate it from other extrapiramydal disorders with equal symptoms.

The objective of the study of specific features of microstructural changes of the central part of auditory system in 17 patients with chronic ear diseases before and after ear surgery by means of MR-morphometry and diffusion tensor tractography. The obtained data of the volume of the grey matter and the thickness of cortex of definite structures related to auditory information processing have been compared with the results of 20 healthy persons. Besides, the study of the functional state of the airways in terms of fractional anisotropy index has been performed. The obtained changes in the grey and white matter of brain prove the microstructural reorganization in the central part of auditory system in hearing-impaired patients. It has been found out that the main changes concerned the increase of the volume of the grey matter and the thickness of cortex in the areas of hearing fields of the right hemisphere (superior temporal sulcus and gyrus). The revealed structural transformation phenomena might result from the long-term sensory deprivation related to hearing loss. The follow-up comparison made in 12 months after the ear surgery revealed the signs of restoration of morphometric values in a number of structures of the central part of auditory system.

The Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology is not limited to degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, but also includes the wide lesion of various regions of cerebral cortex. In our study we aimed to identify differences in the brain cortical thickness in patients with early and advanced PD using MRI morphometry. Sixty-seven patients with Hoehn–Yahr stages 2 and 3 were examined. All patients underwent MRI with subsequent post-processing and estimation of cortical thickness values in different brain regions. Significant differences in the visual and cingulate cortex, fusiform gyri, frontopolar zone of a dominant hemisphere, and Brodmann’s areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 of a non-dominant hemisphere were obtained. These data show relationship between the non-motor manifestations of PD and degeneration of certain cortical regions of the brain.

54 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were examined. 1,5 Tesla MRI with T1 gradient-echo protocol and following calculating by FreeSurfer software was performed. Dementia was revealed in 23 patients. Significant changes of different zones of brain-cortex were revealed in patients with Parkinson's disease accompanied by dementia. Changes were revealed in the hemispheres, particularly in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes. Thickness of lingual medial occipitotemporal gyrus can be used as a criterion for dementia prognosis. Individual patient monitoring and cortex alteration evaluation allow prognosticating increasing risk of cognitive disorders development and prescribing proper therapy.