Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is the established trigger of glaucoma. The systemic character of PEX and the multifactorcharacter of glaucoma can point to possible changes of the autoimmune profile of human body in the presence of this pathology and its possible link with hydrodynamic disturbances.Purpose. To study the peculiarities of the autoimmune serum profile in patients with cataract and PEX in the presence andabsence of glaucoma.Material and methods. In the study there were examined 45 female patients aged 70-84 years with cataract and severe PEX. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the intensity of systemic cardio-vascular pathology and the presence or absence of glaucoma. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to define the serum autoantibody level.Results. In examined groups it was detected the exceeding of the average statistical norm of the following serum autoantibodies: to the cytoplasm of neutrophilic granulocytes (ANCA), β1-adrenoreceptors and membrane antigen of trombocyte, which was the most pronounced one in the presence of systemic cardiovascularpathology and glaucoma process.Conclusions. The detected peculiarities of the autoimmune activity in patients with PEX can point to the significant role of the endothelial dysfunction in the development of glaucoma in such group of patients.

UNLABELLED:Different functional loading tests, with caffeine for example, can help reveal certain disturbances in ocular hydrodynamics and it would be interesting to investigate their diagnostic potential in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), which is a known trigger of glaucoma. Aim - to determine the value of caffeine loading test in the diagnosis of hydrodynamic disturbances in eyes with cataract and pseudoexfoliation syndrome.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A total of 98 patients (98 eyes) with cataract and PEX were examined. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were taken using the Maklakov applanation tonometer every 15 min during the first hour after a 0.2 ml subcutaneous injection of 10% caffeine/sodium benzoate solution.RESULTS:Three types of intraocular pressure response to caffeine administration have been described in patients with cataract and PEX. The severity of hydrodynamic disturbances thus revealed has been also shown to correlate with PEX stage, IOP level, and the presence or absence of cardiovascular pathology, which allows to regard the latter sings as markers of hydrodynamic problems in the eye.

Background. The significant diurnal fluctuations of intraocular pressure (IOP) remain one of the main factors that reflect the violation of ocular hydrodynamics. Nowadays, in the literature there is no data about the types of diurnal intraocular pressure curves in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).Purpose. To study the types of 24-hour intraocular pressure curves in patients with ocular manifestations of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).Material and methods. The examination included 240 eyes of 120 patients aged 54-84 years with the diagnosis of complicated cataract and the PEX. The diurnal tonometry was conducted using the Maklakov tonometer during 24 hours with the 3-hour interval.Results. Based on our research for the patients with PEX four types of the IOP curves were detected: «unimodal», «bimodal », «flat», «inverse». First three types of curves have broad brandish of IOP fluctuations (more than 5mmHg). «Bimodal» type of curve was considered as the most unfavorable for ocular hydrodynamics. It was detected, that the type of 24-hour IOP curve in patients with PEX depends on the initial IOP level, degree of PEX manifestations, thickness of the lens and also on the presence of concomitant cardio-vascular diseases.Conclusions. The most characteristic types of 24-hour IOP curves in patients with PEX are: «unimodal», «bimodal», «flat», «inverse».

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is one of the best known triggers of glaucoma. The development of the open-angle glaucoma only in some patients with the PES with definite local and general risk factors requires a further research.Purpose. The detection of the risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma development in patients with the PES. Material and methods. There were examined 185 patients aged 48-87 years with primary open-angle glaucoma and 75 patients of the control group. In all patients a complex eye examination was performed in addition to questionnaire and the anamnesis review. Results. In the experimental and the control groups of patients the values of the following eye parameters were assessed: length of the eye, thickness of the lens, depth of the anterior chamber, degree of PES manifestations, nucleus density, pigmentation of the anterior chamber angle and also the presence of the concomitant vascular pathology was detected. Using the method of regression analysis a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between the open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES and the further parameters: age, thickness of the lens, degree of PES manifestations, the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral vascular ischemia, atherosclerosis. A mathematic formula was calculated to predict an open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES. Conclusions. The risk factors of the open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES were detected the following: the degree of PES manifestations, thickness of the lens, the age of patients, the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral vascular ischemia, atherosclerosis.><0,05) was found between the open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES and the further parameters: age, thickness of the lens, degree of PES manifestations, the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral vascular ischemia, atherosclerosis. A mathematic formula was calculated to predict an open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES.Conclusions. The risk factors of the open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES were detected the following: the degree of PES manifestations, thickness of the lens, the age of patients, the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral vascular ischemia, atherosclerosis.

Background. The significant diurnal fluctuations of intraocular pressure (IOP) remain one of the main factors that reflect the violation of ocular hydrodynamics. Nowadays, in the literature there is no data about the types of diurnal intraocular pressure curves in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Purpose. To study the types of 24-hour intraocular pressure curves in patients with ocular manifestations of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Material and methods. The examination included 240 eyes of 120 patients aged 54-84 years with the diagnosis of complicated cataract and the PEX. The diurnal tonometry was conducted using the Maklakov tonometer during 24 hours with the 3-hour interval. Results. Based on our research for the patients with PEX four types of the IOP curves were detected: «unimodal», «bimodal », «flat», «inverse». First three types of curves have broad brandish of IOP fluctuations (more than 5mmHg). «Bimodal» type of curve was considered as the most unfavorable for ocular hydrodynamics. It was detected, that the type of 24-hour IOP curve in patients with PEX depends on the initial IOP level, degree of PEX manifestations, thickness of the lens and also on the presence of concomitant cardio-vascular diseases. Conclusions. The most characteristic types of 24-hour IOP curves in patients with PEX are: «unimodal», «bimodal», «flat», «inverse».

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is one of the best known triggers of glaucoma. The development of the open-angle glaucoma only in some patients with the PES with definite local and general risk factors requires a further research. Purpose. The detection of the risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma development in patients with the PES. Material and methods. There were examined 185 patients aged 48-87 years with primary open-angle glaucoma and 75 patients of the control group. In all patients a complex eye examination was performed in addition to questionnaire and the anamnesis review. Results. In the experimental and the control groups of patients the values of the following eye parameters were assessed: length of the eye, thickness of the lens, depth of the anterior chamber, degree of PES manifestations, nucleus density, pigmentation of the anterior chamber angle and also the presence of the concomitant vascular pathology was detected. Using the method of regression analysis a statistically significant correlation (p <0,05) was found between the open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES and the further parameters: age, thickness of the lens, degree of PES manifestations, the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral vascular ischemia, atherosclerosis. A mathematic formula was calculated to predict an open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES. Conclusions. The risk factors of the open-angle glaucoma development in patients with PES were detected the following: the degree of PES manifestations, thickness of the lens, the age of patients, the presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral vascular ischemia, atherosclerosis.

Purpose. To define vascular changes of the iris in cataract patients with various stages of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) using the iris fluorescein angiography (IFAG) and to confirm them morphologically. Material and methods. In the study 60 patients were divided into two groups: the group 1 consisted of 30 patients (30 eyes) with cataract and PEX stage I, the group 2 included 30 patients (30 eyes) with cataract and PEX stage II according to the classifications by A.P. Nesterov (2008) and H.M. Nizankowska (2001). The iris fluorescein angiography was performed for all patients, it was estimated the architectonic of the iris vessels, theirs permeability and time parameters. The morphological part was presented by 16 donor eyes which had not passed selection to transplantation. Results. Different degrees of microcirculation violations in the anterior segment of the eye were revealed in the group 1 and the group 2 using the iris fluorescein angiography. Morphologically destructions of epithelium and basal membrane of small and medium arteries were observed in donor eyes with PEX signs. Conclusion. The obtained data testify the existence of the arterial ischemia in the iris. Changes founded in the vascular bed of the iris correlate with the degree of clinical degenerative changes of the anterior segment of the eye. It should be mentioned that the progression of PEХ stage generated aggravating of changes in the vessels of the iris, like as the deterioration of microcirculation (according to the time parameters), the loss of crimp radial artery, the decrease in their number, the increased permeability and the appearance of neovascularization.

A comparative research of 60 patients (60 eyes) was conducted to study application of Doxi-Chem (calcium dobesilate) as a preparation for phacoemulsification of patients' eyes with cataract and various ocular manifestations of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The nature of the early post-operation period was studied after the patients underwent phacoemulsification of the cataract together with implantation of IOL (intraocular lens) either by applying Doxi-Chem (30 eyes of 30 patients) or without using it (30 eyes of 30 patients). It was found that for patients with deposits of pseudoexfoliative material in the anterior segment of the eye (RPE stage II according to classification of A.P. Nesterov, 2008) it is recommended to use Doxi-Chem as premedication in order to improve microcirculation, decrease the amount of deposits and the rehabilitation period.

This article gives the research results of 126 eyes of 86 patients with complicated cataract on the background of RPE. These patients were divided into three groups: patients with pre-operatively normal level of intraocular pressure, patients with ocular hypertension and patients with the initial stage of open-angle glaucoma (OAG 1 A). All patients underwent uncomplicated PHACO. All patients in the preand post-operative stage were conducted standard examination. The follow-up period amounted to three months. In these terms the most pronounced reduction in IOP was observed in patients with OAG 1 A (30.9%).

The degree of the influence of local risk factors and general vascular pathology on the character of the diurnal fluctuations in intraocular pressure in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome is poor researched nowadays. It can be helpful in the assessment of the possibility of the glaucoma process development. 140 eyes of 70 patients aged 54-84 with complicated cataract on the background of pseudoexfoliation syndrome were researched. The method of step by step regression analysis was used to detect the significant factors which have the influence on the maximal level of the intraocular pressure and its fluctuations in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Among known glaucoma triggers, pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is most of all studied. Development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in some patients with PXF and certain somatic diseases requires further investigation. This study was aimed to evaluation of glaucoma risk in patients with PXF in relation to concurrent somatic pathology. A total of 185 patients aged from 48 to 87 diagnosed with OAG and, additionally, 75 patients of control group were assessed. Complex examination was performed and anamnestic data collected in all cases. A statistically significant relationship between OAG development and the presence of primary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency, and atherosclerosis in patients with PXF has been established.

Тo analyze frequency of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES)in the group of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). 185 patients aged 48-87 years with POAG were examined. In all of the examined patients, eye manifestations of PES were revealed. In 16 cases only the early indications of PES were displayed, the diagnosis of PES was confirmed with the help of UBM. There was found a correlation between the stage of glaucoma and the degree of PES manifestations.