The paper presents the results of the microstructure study of spherulitic islands in thin films of lead zirconate titanate, characterized by either a non-uniform radial rotation of the crystal lattice (radiant microstructure) or a uniform rotation, which allows one to detect Kikuchi lines of electron channeling. Thin lead zirconate titanate films were obtained by a two-stage method of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of a ceramic target: deposition onto a << cold >> platinized silicon and glassceram substrates, followed by high-temperature annealing to obtain islands of the perovskite phase surrounded by a matrix of the low-temperature pyrochlore phase. To study the cross section, a lamella was prepared, the study of the microstructure of which showed that the rotation of the crystal lattice in the perovskite spherulite occurs uniformly throughout the entire thickness, and it is not a manifestation of some near-surface effects. It was found that the rate of rotation of the crystal lattice in spherulites with a radial-radiant structure is approximately two times less than in spherulites with a radially uniform rotation; a model of translational rotation of the crystal lattice with the formation of dislocations and partial relaxation of mechanical stresses is proposed; it is assumed that the lattice rotation velocity is limited by the elasticity limit of the thin film. It is assumed that the Kikuchi image in spherulitic islands consisting of crystalline grains is determined by both the identical growth texture and the orientational correlation of the grains in the plane of the film; an analysis and interpretation of Kikuchi electron channeling lines has been carried out, which makes it possible to determine the orientation of the crystal lattice planes and growth axes in thin films. Keywords: thin films of lead zirconate titanate, spherulites, radially-radiant microstructure, electron Kikuchi channeling.

The features of the microstructure of radiant spherulites in lead zirconate titanate thin films are studied using scanning electron and nonlinear optical microscopy by varying the blocks size of the perovskite structure. It is shown that with an increase in the radius of the spherulite (or the size of blocks), the angle of rotation of the growth axis increases, the speed of the angle of rotation, and the magnitude of the signal of the second optical harmonic It is assumed that the reasons determining specifics of the structure and signal of the second optical harmonic are associated with a change in the magnitude of mechanical stresses in the films that arise due to a change in the phase density at perovskite phase crystallization from low-temperature pyrochlore phase or at perovskite phase recrystallization

Рассмотрен механизм возбуждения плазменных колебаний в твердых телах методом полного внешнего отражения рентгеновских лучей. Показано, что главную роль в возбуждении плазмонов в твердых телах играют медленные электроны, входящие благодаря вторично-электронному усилению в тонких поверхностных слоях твердого тела в состав многоэлектронных актов эмиссии в виде электронных пачек. Для карбида кремния проведен качественный расчет числа медленных вторичных электронов, порожденных рентгеновскими фотоэлектронам. Ключевые слова: плазмон, плазменные колебания, электрон, электронная пачка, квантовый выход.

A method based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of elastically reflected electrons is proposed for the depth-resolved, quantitative nondestructive determination of the elemental composition of solid surfaces at thicknesses in a nanometer range.

The angular distributions and the energy spectra were obtained for electrons scattered inelastically from disordered Au and Ba films. The primary electron energy was 0.1--2 keV and the angles of incidence were 0--80 /sup 0/.(AIP)