Optimizing guiding flexible rockfall barriers (GFRBs) requires understanding how slope topography influences energy attenuation and system loads, a task often hindered by the high computational cost of conventional models. This study develops an improved truss equivalent method (TEM) for steel wire-ring nets, featuring a mechanically-informed exponential hardening constitutive model. Panel-level and full-scale field test validations confirmed the TEM's high accuracy, yielding prediction errors below 10% for key structural parameters and under 5% for the rockfall energy attenuation rate (REAR). Crucially, the TEM achieves a 12-fold computational efficiency increase over the conventional circular beam model (CBM). Subsequently, the TEM was applied to systematically evaluate GFRB performance across varied slope angles (30°–90°) and shapes (straight, convex, concave, stepped, composite). The parametric analysis reveals a strong negative linear correlation between REAR and slope angle under protected conditions. Furthermore, slope shape dictates overall system performance: GFRBs exhibit maximum efficiency on stepped (100% REAR), composite type II (93.7%), and concave (92.8%) slopes. However, these highly effective topographies simultaneously generate the highest structural loads, with peak net impact forces and support rope tensions reaching 84.2 kN and 68.3 kN, respectively. The established TEM offers an efficient approach for large-scale analysis and a quantitative basis for the optimized design of GFRBs under site-specific topographical and structural conditions.

On August 14, 2025, the Kuayanzi rockslide occurred in Pingcao Village, Wushan County, within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). Although the rockslide was successfully mitigated by an early warning system with zero casualties, its complex failure mode and distinct dynamic characteristics present a highly valuable case study for geohazard research. To systematically elucidate its failure mechanism and dynamic evolution, this study integrates field geological surveys, close-range unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, physico-mechanical testing, and RAMMS numerical modeling. The failure was fundamentally controlled by a competent-over-incompetent lithological structure, comprising dolomitic limestone overlying thin-bedded argillaceous limestone. Long-term water-rock interactions progressively weakened the basal layer, while a funnel-shaped topographic catchment concentrated rainfall runoff into rear tension fissures, driving rapid pore-pressure accumulation during extreme precipitation. Calibrated via back-analysis, the RAMMS simulation accurately reproduced the entire initiation-entrainment-deposition sequence. The results reveal that the rockslide reached a peak velocity of 26.4 m/s and a maximum impact pressure of 1820 kPa. These findings underscore the coupled influence of lithological contrast, basal degradation, and topographic runoff concentration on rockslide initiation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the robust utility of combining UAV-derived topography with dynamic simulations for comprehensive hazard assessment.

Urban flooding disasters are increasingly prevalent because of global climate change and urbanization. University campuses, as independent functional zones, exhibit complex rainfall–runoff dynamics. This study focuses on the China University of Geosciences, using data from two extremely heavy rainfall events and on-site waterlogging investigations in Wuhan in 2020 and 2021. A stormwater management model was employed to simulate campus catchment runoff and pipe network performance under rainstorm scenarios of various return periods, illustrating the spatial and temporal evolution of waterlogging on the campus. The simulation results indicate that the discharge at the main outlets aligned with rainfall patterns but exhibited a delayed response. During an overload period exceeding one hour, the ratios of overflow nodes and overloaded conduits reached 72.22% and 57.94%, respectively. Ponding was concentrated mainly in the southwest region of the campus, with the maximum ponding depth reaching 0.5 m. Future flood mitigation measures, such as enhancing permeable surfaces, upgrading pipeline infrastructure, and promoting rainwater reuse, could support the development of a “sponge campus” layout to alleviate flood pressure and enhance campus sustainability and resilience.

The failure of high-steep dangerous rock masses (HDRMs) on the banks of reservoirs can generate tsunami, often leading to catastrophic consequences, which are far more destructive than the HDRMs themselves. This paper examines Shennvfeng HDRM (SHDRM) as a case study, initially obtaining its basic characteristics, environmental features, geostructures, and spatial distribution of HDRMs through a combination of detailed field investigation, high-definition UAV nap-of-the-object photogrammetry, trench, and other methods. Subsequently, the study focused on the clearly demarcated W1 HDRM, analyzing its slope top unloading characteristics, slope surface deformation features, and possible failure mode. It was discovered that the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and slip displacement of W1 HDRM’s sliding surface composed of fault plane largely coincide in geometric characteristics. This suggests that W1 HDRM is likely to undergo a potential failure mode of progressive release slip along the plane, extending from the anterior rock body. Finally, the study uses the granular flow model in the Flow3D software to assess the risk of tsunami generation and propagation following W1 HDRM’s potential instability. Based on the monitoring of the free surface elevation at the Qingshi Hydrological Station, Qingshi Village, and Qingshi Wharf at water levels of 145 m and 175 m, the results showed that they were all over 2 m and were all classified as extremely high-risk areas. Consequently, it is crucial to implement engineering measures to mitigate the risk posed by these HDRMs and to enhance professional monitoring and warning systems to provide pre-warnings for passing vessels. The insights from this study contribute to the understanding of rockslide-tsunami disaster risks in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and similar settings worldwide.

Many large-scale landslides have occurred along the active Pingding-Huama fault in Zhouqu segment, Gansu, China. To better understand the failure mechanisms of these landslides, we use the Yahuokou landslide as a detailed case study. Field investigation was conducted to retrace the kinematics of the landslide and corresponding timeline of triggering mechanics. Dynamic triaxial tests were conducted to quantify the effect of rainfall and rockfall load on the physical and mechanical character of the landslide materials with in-situ stress level. Numerical simulation was used to evaluate the landslide stability under rainfall and rockfall load. The results show that a smaller initial rockfall of the limestone blocks along the upper headscarp of the landslide triggered a series of larger failure events that propagated through the greater landslide complex. We proposed that continuous rainfall and this rockfall load increased the pore water pressure and significantly reduced the shear strength parameters of the sliding materials. In addition, the rockfall load destroyed the structure of the shallow soil with buried depth <5 m, increasing the pore volume and water absorption capacity, which may cause the water content of the soil to exceed its liquid limit, and finally promoted plastic flow. Stability calculation further showed that rainfall alone was not sufficient to induce the landslide failure, but rather the coupled action of rainfall and rockfall load was needed. The conclusions drawn from this study outline complex failure mechanics of the Yahuokou landslide and may be helpful in understanding the fault-zone landslides widely distributed along the Pingding-Huama fault.

High and Steep Dangerous Rocks (HSDRs) are widespread worldwide, and have always been one of the hot research topics in the field of engineering geology. To enable researchers in this field to better clarify the research object, content, and key scientific issues throughout their research process. This paper summarizes from previous studies: the classification system, triggering factors, and global distribution of HSDRs. This paper has garnered the following new insights and findings: (1) A new classification system for HSDRs has been modified and improved, named Shape Features-Stress State (SFSS). SFSS classification system has three basic categories, five general categories and ten subcategories; (2) The main triggering factors for the instability of HSDRs include seismic effect, glacial effect, natural rainfall effect and river effect. The theoretical study of mechanical models under each type of triggering factors has specificity under SFSS classification system; (3) A global distribution map of HSDRs is drawn based on the triggering factors, covering North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and Antarctica. Researchers in this field can refer to the classification system, triggering factors, and global distribution of HSDRs presented in this paper to conduct targeted studies, thereby facilitating the efficient advancement of research outcomes related to HSDRs.

Objective The resurrections of ancient landslide deposits are one of the primary geological hazards in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas of China and pose significant safety threats to major transportation and water conservancy projects under construction in western China. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the formation and evolution mechanism of ancient landslides and evaluate the stability of their deposits. This research can provide theoretical support for the early recognition and prevention of the resurrection of ancient landslide deposits. Methods The ancient landslide deposits in Jiangdingya, Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, have experienced local resurrection several times in the past decade, creating severe threats to the lives and property of local people by blocking the Bailong River. To determine the morphology and structural characteristics of the ancient Jiangdingya landslide deposits, this study utilized field investigations and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography. Based on this, the evolution mechanism and dynamic process of the landslide were analysed, and the stability of the deposits was qualitatively evaluated using InSAR deformation data. Results The results show that the ancient landslide at Jiangdingya is a typical large-scale earthquake landslide, with its sliding body located in a downslope position in three directions, forming a multilevel stepped deposit shape. The dynamic process of an ancient landslide under seismic loads can be divided into several stages, including vibration and cracking in the upper-middle part, shearing and landslide initiation in the front edge locking segment, tearing and landslide acceleration in the rear edge, obstruction and landslide deceleration in the front edge, and stabilization. Conclusion Due to the overall downwards movement of the ancient landslide under seismic loads, there are a large number of intact rock masses in the upper deposits, which are relatively stable. However, the middle and lower deposits are mostly composed of weak structures such as fault fracture zones and fragmented rock masses, which have poor stability and are highly likely to resurrect in the future. This study provides important insights into the formation and evolution of ancient landslides and the evaluation of their stability, which can help prevent future landslides and protect local communities.

Analysis of the genesis and evolution mechanism of High and Steep Dangerous Rocks (HSDRs) are crucial for enhancing the capability of geological disaster risk prevention and control in reservoir areas. This study focuses on the Longmen Dangerous Rock Zone (LDRZ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China, and employs an integrated investigation system proposed. The genesis and evolution of the LDRZ can be attributed to the early influence of the Indosinian movement, Yanshan movement, and the Himalayan movement. The development of joint fissures in the Longmenxia Anticline led to the presence of stacked blocks in the steep cliffs, forming the early prototype of the LDRZ. The increased base pressure caused by natural rainfall affecting High and Steep Dangerous Rock Masses (HSDRMs) above the 175 m water level is recoverable, which reflects the situation of HSDRMs before the impoundment in the TGRA. The HSDRMs affected by the water in the TGRA are simultaneously influenced by natural rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuation. The reservoir water leads to the rock masses deterioration at the base, resulting in an irreversible increase in base pressure. With the annual cyclical rise and fall of the water level in the TGRA, forming the current LDRZ.

在我国"双碳"目标背景下,基于DPSIR模型构建低碳竞争力评价指标体系,运用TOPSIS法对长江经济带11个省市2014-2019年的低碳竞争力水平进行测度,并结合障碍度模型诊断阻碍低碳竞争力提升的影响因素.结果显示:(1)2014-2019年长江经济带低碳竞争力水平总体呈上升趋势,但各省市低碳竞争力水平差距较大,呈现出"下游较强,中上游次之,局部跳跃"的空间格局.(2)驱动力和响应子系统的贴进度呈上升趋势,而压力、状态及影响子系统的贴进度均呈下降趋势.(3)长江经济带各区域低碳竞争力的影响因素存在差异,主要障碍因素集中在响应、驱动力及状态子系统,工业污染治理投资额是最主要的障碍因素.

On one hand, anti-slide shaft technology can overcome the problems of blocking the seepage and drainage path in the slope by traditional anti-slide piles. On the other hand, it can reduce the excavation quantities when the vertical drainage and anti slide structures are separately constructed. Besides, it can fully provide the hydration-heat dissipation surface to ensure the overall structure quality. It has been an important technology in modern landslide prevention engineering, and the novel one of geological disaster, hydrogeology and underground engineering in recent years. The anti-slide shaft technology involves hydrodynamic mechanics and solid mechanics, as well as hydrodynamic model, structural model, engineering geological model, etc. Besides, its promoted application is restricted by some problems, such as the lack of mature theoretical system, the relatively complex of this spatial structural combination, and the difficulty of the construction technology. Thus, it is necessary to carry out targeted current status summary research. Based on a large number of relevant documents,patents and practical engineering applications at home and abroad, we summarize the characteristics and classification of anti-slide shaft structure（anti-liquefaction pile, hollow anti-slide shaft, box anti-slide shaft, etc）,and find that the anti-slide shaft structure are mostly pile-type or tie-type, forming a 3-D structure system with the combination characteristics of seepage, collection, drainage and anti-slide. This kind of seepage-collectiondrainage structures usually include water permeable holes, radiant seepage holes and drainage pipes. The demonstration of typical application examples show that although the anti-slide shafts have the advantage of significant improvement on the stability, there is still a large optimization space from its extensive use and diversification. Thus, the current complex construction process, unclear mechanical properties and drainage characteristics, imperfect stability calculation theory, plane layout optimization method to be improved in antislide shaft technology are important scientific issues and research trend, which need to be paid attention in the future. The solutions of these scientific problems are not only beneficial to improving the mechanical and drainage theory, but also beneficial to improving the overall application level of anti-slide shaft technology.

The reactivation of ancient landslides, a persistent issue that hinders urban development and threatens human safety, is the central focus of this paper. Specifically, this paper offers a detailed description and analysis of an ancient landslide that reactivated on February 26, 2021, in Guoye town, Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China, and has remained slow-moving since then. With a volume of approximately 21.2 million m 3 of rock and soil masses involved, this landslide poses a significant risk to the safety of 1119 individuals from 282 households in Moli village and Guoye village. A combination of field investigations, remote sensing interpretation, in situ monitoring, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) was used to investigate the landslide characteristics and reactivation mechanisms. The results revealed that the presence of sliding-prone rock formations and tectonic movement were the primary contributors to the formation of the Moli landslide. Furthermore, the accumulation of bedrock blocks in the quarry and collapsed rock masses caused by fault activity at the rear parts, along with the additional load from buildings on the middle and rear sections, increased the sliding force. Simultaneously, the erosion of the Dashuiba River resulted in a reduction in the anti-slip force, thereby directly facilitating landslide reactivation. The notable increase in annual rainfall in recent years has played a crucial role in ancient landslide reactivation by elevating the groundwater level and softening the shear strength of the sliding zone soil. The findings of this study contribute to an enhanced understanding of the reactivation mechanisms in giant, ancient landslides situated within areas characterized by highly complex geological conditions.

Landslide failure near a reservoir generates impulse waves, greatly increasing casualties and property losses. This paper presents a field investigation and potential impulse wave simulation analysis of the Wulipo (WLP) landslide, which deformed after the initial impoundment of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, China. According to geological surveys, the WLP landslide is a weak base-type, weathered, fragmented rockslide with soft rock in the lower portion and hard rock in the upper portion. The deformation and failure mechanism under the action of reservoir water consist of compression, fracturing, and shearing. The periodic fluctuation of reservoir water may cause overall high-speed slip failure of the WLP landslide. According to the inferred failure mode of the WLP landslide, the impulse waves caused by the overall failure of the landslide at the highest (825 m) and lowest (765 m) water levels are predicted. Due to the significant height difference between the center of gravity of the landslide and the reservoir water level, the wave height and fluctuation degree of the overall failure of the WLP landslide for 765 m are significantly greater than those for 825 m. However, the wave flood area for 825 m is larger than that for 765 m. Although the impulse waves triggered by the overall landslide at either water level will not destroy the nearby Menggu community, at 765 m, impulse waves will overflow the bridge deck of Ganhu Road. Therefore, engineering measures such as reducing the landslide volume can lower the secondary disaster risk posed by WLP landslides. This study provides insights into landslide disaster risk in the Baihetan Reservoir region and similar areas worldwide.

隧道涌水对地下工程施工安全和运营稳定影响重大,选择正确的涌水计算模型进行涌水规模预测是展开结构设计和灾害防治的关键.针对目前隧道涌水量预测方法单一、考虑因素不全面导致预测结果失真的这一问题,引入有效度指标,对涌水量计算模型进行了有效度排序,选取最优模型进行组合预测,以达到提高预测精度的目的.以广州地铁21号线施工隧道为研究对象,选用Goodman模型等8种常用的预测模型对隧道最大涌水量分别进行了单项和组合模型预测.通过与地下水实测结果的对比分析得到:引入有效度指标能够定量化评价涌水量预测模型的可靠性,通过组合模型的方式能够提高涌水量预测结果的精度.

Emeishan basalts are widely distributed in Southwest China, where several large-scale sliding disasters occurred in recent years. At about 5:00 am on July 2, 2017, a high-elevation basalt landslide occurred on the slope of Dongbiangou in Nantang Village, Nantian Township, Leibo County, Sichuan Province, forming a deposit with a volume of about 563.0 × 104m3 and burying houses, roads, and farmland. On the basis of a large number of geological surveys and engineering geological investigations on the disaster site, the formation mechanism and process were revealed by means of remote sensing satellite, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial shot, and synthetic aperture radar on the ground, among other technical means. The results show that the weathered and broken basaltic rock mass and argillitization zone are the internal landslide causes, while the saturated water loading and infiltration softening caused by continuous rainfall and the disturbance of highway cutting slope are the external causes. The in-depth study of the formation mechanism and formation process of the Nantang landslide shows that the weathered and fragmented basalt slope should pay attention to interception and drainage measures and support measures during the construction and prevention process, to reduce the influence of water and human excavation on slope stability.