The abrupt change of temperature and precipitation of Weihe river basin in Baoji section from 1956 to 2008 were analyzed by using cumulative anomaly method,Mann-Kendall method,MTT,Yamamoto method.The results showed that :1)The annual mean temperature sudden increased during 1993-1994.Sudden increased changes in 1993,1993,1986,1987 separately corresponding to spring,summer,autumn and winter temperature,while the summer temperature also has decreased mutation in 1975.2)The annual precipitation has reduced mutation in 1992,while the spring precipitation in 1991 and 2000.Summer precipitation has sudden increased change in 1962.The test results of autumn and winter precipitation were not notable.3)A variety of mutation methods were used to mutation analysis,which shows the time of mutation and the accuracy of mutation time.

The runoff of Weihe river basin in Shaanxi province reduces constantly .The study of runoff variations is particularly important for the development and utilization of water resources in Shaanxi province .With the temperature ,precipitation and runoff data in Shaanxi section of Weihe river basin from 1960 to 2005 ,the variation trend and mutation characteristics are analyzed applying the Kendall rank correlation coefficient , the R/S analysis and the M-K mutation test method .The precipitation and temperature fluctuation in 46 years are obtained .The precipitation and temperature show a decrease trend .The annual extreme value ratio is equal to 5 .57 ,which indicates that the annual runoff variation is obvious . The runoff of four seasons all show s a decrease trend and autumn is the most obvious .The variation trend will continues in the future . Two annual runoff mutations occurred in 1981 and 1993 .The mutation points of four seasons are different . The temperature and runoff have a significant negative correlation , while the precipitation and runoff have a significant positive linear correlation .

According to the 1960-2005 runoff,precipitation and temperature data of hydrological stations and the meteorological stations in the lower reaches of Weihe River,the relationship between runoff and precipitation and temperature was studied by using the impuls response function and variance decomposition method.The results show that precipitation has a positive effect on runoff change,runoff has a weak effect on precipitation change,temperature has a reverse effect on runoff change,runoff has a weak reverse promotion effect on temperature change.The prediction error of runoff mainly comes from the contribution of precipitation,followed by the contribution of self impact and temperature turbulence.

以浙江省某市为研究对象,遵循完整性、指导性、动态性、数据可达性等原则,构建了该市水生态文明城市建设水平评估指标体系;利用模糊聚类循环迭代法科学确定指标权重,并构建了水生态文明城市建设水平评估模型;对该市水生态文明城市建设试点中期进行评估,并针对评估中的薄弱环节提出建议,为后期水生态文明建设工作开展提供借鉴,为政府部门提供决策参考.

River runoff is highly nonlinear as affected by the combination of climate, underlying surface condition, etc. Prediction of runoff may guide engineering design, construction and operation. Statistical Learning Theory (SLT) studies the rules of machine learning with finite samples. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a new machine learning method based on Statistical Learning Theory. It is a solution for the highly nonlinear classification and regression in sample space. Map the one-dimensional runoff series input space of one hydrologic station of the Yellow River onto high-dimensional input space. Then calculate the embedding dimension of runoff time series and reconstruct runoff series into three-dimensional phase space. Using radial base kernel function to learn from 83 training samples through grid search method and optimize model parameters to establish the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) prediction model of river runoff. Fitting mean-square error of the model is 0.0148. Prediction mean-square error of the model on 20 samples is 0.0120, a correlation coefficient of 0.975 between predicted and measured values. The result shows that the generalization ability of LSSVM model is high and the prediction result is satisfactory..

The research of basin runoff is one of the most important areas of research in surface water hydrology. This paper made an analysis of the runoff change trend and mutation characteristics of Wei River basin by the mathematical statistics of Kendall rank correlation coefficient and M-K mutation test method with the annual and monthly runoff data of Hua Country hydrological station from 1960 to 2005. The result showed the runoff of Wei River basin had a trend of decline all four seasons and the change trend would remain in the future. The annual runoff mutation of Wei river basin occurred in 1981, the runoff mutation of spring occurred in 1966 and at the earliest time, the runoff mutations of summer and autumn respectively occurred in 1977 and 1985, close to the annual runoff mutation time, the runoff mutation time of winter was uncertain. The precipitation didn't change too much before and after mutations, the mutations may be caused by human activities.