Objective: To analyze syndrome differentiation and medication rules for leucorrhea in ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on the “Chinese Medical Code” using the latent structure model. Methods: The formulations for leucorrhea were searched in the Chinese Medical Code (software), based on which an Excel sheet was created to conduct frequency analysis and construct a matrix of high-frequency medications. The high-frequency medications for leucorrhea were then analyzed using the Latent 5.0 software and a latent structure model. With SPSS Modeler and Latent 5.0 as the main analysis methods, Chinese medications with a frequency >1.00% were investigated using the latent structure model and association rules, and the medication rules in treating leucorrhea with TCM were dissected based on the data of frequency. Results: For 373 kinds of Chinese medicines retrieved from 236 TCM prescriptions, the total medication frequency was 2522. Chinese Angelica (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), White Peony Root (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Indian Buead Tuckahoe (Poria), Common Oyster Shell (Ostreae Concha), and Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) were high-frequency medicines for leucorrhea. Tonic, heat-clearing, and qi-regulating medicines had a high frequency of usage. According to a formula-based analysis of the evidence, the main syndromes of leucorrhea included liver qi affecting the spleen pattern, damp heat accumulation pattern, liver qi stagnation pattern, liver-stomach disharmony pattern, yin deficiency of the liver and kidney pattern, and spleen deficiency with dampness pattern, which are generally in line with the etiology and pathogenesis of leucorrhea, namely pathogenic dampness as the detrimental factor together with spleen-kidney dysfunction. However, in ancient books, emphasis was laid out on the regulation of the liver. This study determined 31 association rules for treating leucorrhea, where the primary compatible medicines contained Chinese Angelica (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome (Cyperus rotundus), Chinese Angelica (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Szechwan Lovage Rhizome (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.), White Peony Root (Paeoniae Radix Alba)-Szechwan Lovage Rhizome (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.), White Peony Root (Paeoniae Radix Alba)-Adhesive Rehmannia Root Tuber (Rehmanniae Radix) and Tangerine Peel (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)-Ternate Pinellia (Rhizoma Pinelliae). Conclusion: The medication rules targeting leucorrhea in the Chinese Medical Code were mainly represented by the regulation of qi and blood, as well as the 3 internal organs—the kidney, spleen, and liver.

Backgrounds and aims Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex pulmonary disease characterized by a severe inflammatory response. The management of ALI presents a formidable challenge due to the intricate nature of its inflammatory cascade. Numerous studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of plant-derived natural compounds (PNCs) in treating inflammatory diseases. Our study aims to provide robust current evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of PNCs for ALI treatment. Materials and methods The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024468401). A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal database (VIP), Wanfang database, and China biomedical literature service system (SinoMed) up until November 2023. Preclinical studies published in both English and Chinese were included. Results Our research encompassed 81 studies, comprising a total of 71 PNCs, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and miscellaneous compounds. This systematic review demonstrated that PNCs played a beneficial role on ALI by regulating the immune response and reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The molecular mechanisms were partially associated with the regulation of Th17/Treg responses, promotion of the polarization of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages, induction of immune cell apoptosis, reversal of microbial dysbiosis in the lungs and the gut, epigenetic modification, and the modulation of inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, TLR4/MyD88, NLRP3/Caspase-1, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2/HO-1, Rho/ROCK, TLR7/MyD88, and PI3K/AKT, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses and lung damage. Conclusion The therapeutic effects of PNCs on ALI are mediated through the modulation of immunity and inflammatory pathways. In light of their potential, PNCs represent a promising pharmacological intervention for the treatment of ALI.

Objective: To analyze the identification and typing of bone flaccidity and the law of medication in ancient books based on the Encyclopaedia of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) using the hidden structure model. Methods: The formulations for bone flaccidity were searched in the Chinese Medical Code (software), based on which an Excel sheet was created to conduct frequency analysis and construct a matrix of high-frequency medications. The high-frequency medications for bone flaccidity were then analyzed using the Latent 5.0 software and a latent structure model. With SPSS Modeler and Latent 5.0 as the main analysis methods, Chinese medications with a frequency >1.00% were investigated using the latent structure model and association rules, and the medication rules in treating bone flaccidity with TCM were dissected based on the data of frequency. Results: A total of 223 TCM prescriptions were included, with 270 extracted TCM and a total medication frequency of 2340 times. Among them are Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Poria, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Eucommiae Cortex, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma. They were the high-frequency medicines for treating bone flaccidity, and the efficacy of tonifying medicinal, heat-clearing medicinal, and blood activating and stasis-resolving medicinal were high-frequency medicinal categories. Through the analysis of the evidence by formula, it was concluded that spleen-kidney yang deficiency, kidney deficiency and blood stasis, kidney yang deficiency, qi deficiency/qi stagnation and blood stasis, and liver and kidney yin deficiency were the 6 main types of bone flaccidity, which was generally in line with the etiology of bone flaccidity, which was caused by kidney yang deficiency and accompanied by malfunction of the liver and kidneys. In ancient books, the regulation of the kidney is put into an important position. In this study, 19 correlative principles for the treatment of bone flaccidity were derived, whose main combinations are Paeoniae Radix Alba - Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Eucommiae Cortex + Poria-Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Spongiosae Rhizoma + Cuscutae Semen-Eucommiae Cortex. Conclusions: The medication law of bone flaccidity in the Encyclopaedia of TCM mainly shows that it attaches importance to the regulation of tonifying the liver and kidney to strengthen the tendons and bones and emphasizes that the regulation of the 3 Zang–fu organs, namely the kidney, the liver and the spleen, can play an important role in the treatment of bone flaccidity.

甘澜水是煎煮中药的用水,纳米气泡水是现代工业增溶用水,两者的制备方法都是通过搅拌等物理方式使水中充满气泡.随着对纳米气泡水研究的深入,认识到水中的纳米气泡类似于一种疏水性溶质,其特性为:渗透性强、稳定性高、表面活性剂、比表面积大、吸附能力强,故具有增溶特性.本文将回顾甘澜水的研究进展,简介纳米气泡水的特性,总结两者之间的关系,揭示甘澜水煎药增效的本质,从而说明甘澜水作为煎药用水的意义.

枳实薤白桂枝汤是体现温阳法治疗胸痹的经典方剂,收录于国家中医药管理局颁布的古代经典名方目录(第一批),具有通阳散结,行气化痰的功效,主治症状包括胸满而痛,甚或胸痛彻背,喘息咳唾,短气,气从胁下冲逆等.现代中医临床将其用于心血管系统、消化系统和呼吸系统等多种疾病的治疗,其中对冠心病、不稳定性心绞痛、心肌梗死、窦性心动过缓等心血管疾病的疗效尤为显著.笔者主要对近10年来关于枳实薤白桂枝汤的药理学研究进行梳理和评述,结果显示,该方各单味药与整方均对上述心血管疾病有一定改善作用,药理作用涉及改善血管内环境、改善心肌缺血、改善心肌缺血再灌注损伤、改善心肌缺氧、抗炎、稳定斑块等方面;其作用机制涉及调节体内相关活性物质、调节相关信号通路与离子通道等,具体主要包括血清血栓烷素B2(TXB2)、血清前列环素I2(PGI2)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)信号途径、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)敏感性钾通道等.此外,部分单味药的药理作用与瞬时受体电位通道锚蛋白1(TRPA1)的关系已有报道,其中TRPA1是认识该方作用机制与治疗心血管疾病的关键之一,值得深入.

带下病为中医常见的四大妇科疾病之一,该病可见于现代医学的闭经性阴道炎、卵巢早衰、子宫颈炎、不孕、妇科肿瘤等疾病,临床上呈现发病率高、复发率高的趋势,严重影响女性身心健康.目前西医多以抗生素治疗,疗效有限.自清代傅青主起,诸位医家多从湿辨带.现代医家对带下病的认识有诸多发挥,认为带下病多湿邪化热、夹痰、结瘀,而脏腑功能失调是导致带下病产生的重要因素.本文着重探讨现代中医治疗带下病的诊疗特点,从对带下病的病名认识出发,结合历代古籍文献,旨在为现代中医诊治"带下病"临床实践提供借鉴.