Marine oil spills lead to intertidal sediment pollution, causing benthic bioaccumulation and toxicity. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the effects of crude oil sediment pollution on benthos. In this study, Sinonovacula constricta was used as the research object in a sediment environment to study the accumulation and elimination effects of S. constricta on long-term exposure to crude oil pollution as well as the toxicity effects at the biochemical and tissue levels through laboratory exposure tests. The objective of this study was to provide theoretical support for monitoring the biological toxicity of intertidal crude oil pollution. The results showed that S. constricta accumulated petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment, which were positively correlated with pollution concentration and time. The fitting results of the two-compartment kinetic model were good and could be applied to the accumulation and elimination of sediment crude oil pollution. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde in the gills were mainly induced, and there was a dose- and time-dependent relationship. Crude oil pollution can cause digestive tube ablation, lumen swelling, and blood cell infiltration in the viscera of S. constricta. S. constricta can be used as an indicator organism for oil pollution in the intertidal zone, and its gills and visceral mass can be used as target tissues.

以泥蚶鳃和内脏团抗氧化酶为生物标志物,探究潮间带沉积物不同浓度原油污染72 h后对泥蚶急性毒性效应.研究表明,泥蚶鳃超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)酶活性均高于内脏团,而内脏团中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)则更高;随着原油污染浓度增加,泥蚶鳃SOD和GST,内脏团CAT,低浓度组中GPx酶活性均呈先升高后降低趋势,表明低浓度原油污染下泥蚶酶活性升高以对抗污染造成身体机能损伤;原油浓度逐渐增加,酶活性则受抑制.泥蚶鳃GPx酶活性最大诱导倍数高于其他抗氧化酶,结合不同组织抗氧化酶活性大小及差异显著性分析发现,泥蚶鳃GPx酶活性更敏感,可以作为生物标志物应用于海洋原油污染的监测.

通过研究不同浓度原油污染对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)鳃和内脏团抗氧化酶活性、脂质过氧化及鳃结构的影响,结合综合生物标志物响应(IBR),探讨潮间带原油污染对生物的毒性效应.结果显示:在剂量-效应方面,2种组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和内脏团中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)总体上表现为低浓度诱导、高浓度抑制效应;SOD诱导与过氧化氢酶(CAT)抑制同时出现,规律大致相反.在时间-效应上,SOD活性呈升高-降低-升高的趋势,CAT与GPx呈先降低后升高的趋势;谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)在鳃中呈现先升高后降低的趋势,酶活性最高为371.663U/mgprot.暴露前期(6h)缢蛏2种组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,鳃和内脏团中MDA含量最高值分别为5.030和10.705nmol/mgprot,后期逐渐平稳.IBR结果表明鳃中生物标志物对原油污染敏感度更高.原油暴露会使鳃丝结构发生变形或引起鳃丝脱离等现象.研究表明,缢蛏鳃更适宜作为潮间带原油暴露生物监测与评价的器官.

Under tidal scouring, residual petroleum in the intertidal sediment after oil spills could release again, causing secondary pollution in the marine ecosystem. The current study aimed to investigate the dynamic process and principles of crude oil release from silty intertidal sediment under different influencing factors and screened for the key factors. In this paper, the fitting equations and correlation between the release amount and various factors were explored through the single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the key influencing factors were selected for multi-factor fitting of the release amount. The results showed that the oil release amount rose with the increase in oil concentration, oscillation frequency, and release time, but decreased with an increase in salinity. As the pH decreased, the oil release amount increased. The relationship between release amount and concentration/oscillation frequency can be equipped by the polynomial equation, and the average R2 was 0.95 and 0.84, respectively. The release amount can be fitted by the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic equation with time, with the average R2 0.89. The pH was negatively correlated with the release amount in the fresh contaminated sediment but positively correlated with the weathered one. The correlation between each factor and oil release amount was ranked (from large to small) as oil concentration, oscillation frequency, salinity, time, and pH. At last, a polynomial equation can be fitted between the key influencing factors (oil concentration and oscillation frequency) and the release amount. The results can provide a theoretical basis for predicting the secondary pollution owing to the oil re-release from intertidal sediment.

随着海洋石油开发及运输的不断发展,溢油事故时有发生,给潮间带生物带来不同程度的影响.以泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)为研究对象,采用潮间带原油污染生物暴露室内模拟试验及数据统计检验,结合综合生物标志物响应(IBR)星状图,探讨潮间带沉积物原油污染对泥蚶鳃和消化腺中不同抗氧化酶活性的影响,筛选最优生物标志物.结果表明:①受低浓度原油污染时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体表现为被诱导,受高浓度原油污染时总体表现为被抑制,且其在消化腺中的平均活性(132.29 U/mg)约为鳃中(69.34 U/mg)的2倍.②过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在时间-效应上与SOD活性变化规律相似,但其响应时间具有滞后性.③鳃中谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)活性在受污染第1天总体表现为被抑制,而消化腺中GST活性在第3、12天时被抑制的效果更明显.④鳃中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性在污染第3天较早被激发,且消化腺中GPx活性最大诱导率和抑制率都出现在低浓度(500 mg/kg)原油污染时.⑤泥蚶鳃和消化腺的IBR值均随暴露时间的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,且与4种酶活性变化趋势基本相同.研究显示,4种主要抗氧化酶在消除活性氧自由基(ROS)上具有协同作用,GST可作为原油污染短期监测的生物标志物,而IBR可作为综合生物毒性评价的指标.