Изобретение относится к способам получения окисленных битумов улучшенного качества из тяжелого нефтяного сырья и может быть использовано в нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности и других отраслях народного хозяйства при производстве компонентов дорожных покрытий, кровельных и строительных материалов

Способ флотации калийсодержащих руд, включающий последовательное кондиционирование пульпы с депрессором и собирателем, состоящим из основного собирателя алифатических аминови дополнительного собирателя, введение вспенивателя и выделение в пенный продукт хлорида калия

The article presents the analysis of problems connecting with the deepening of petroleum refining. It has been shown that the activation of crude oil due to putting additives polycyclic arenes can significantly increase the yield of light fractions with a straight distillation of crude oil at the cost of effect on supramolecular structures of petroleum fractions. On the basis of these studies have been ascertained that putting 1.5% wt additive polycyclic arenes allocated from coal tar into the oil, make it possible to increase the total yield of light fractions by 5-6% wt. Along with this change of boiling temperature distribution into allocated light fractions has been observed.

The article presents the analysis of problem the oil-slime utilization and future trends of its use in the composition of fuel mixtures. It has been shown that stability of the furnace fuel and fuel oil obtained depends on the parameters of petroleum dispersed system dispersed phase particles. On the basis of thermogravimetric analysis the optimal conditions of process of pretreating liquid oil-slime to subsequent processing have been ascertained. It was proposed to use the mixture of solid and liquid oil-slime as compounds of fuel mixture. Spectrophotometric analysis was used for the determination of stability of fuel composition. Obtained experimental data have shown that the optimal ratio of solid oil-slime to liquid oil-slime is 0,2 : 0,4.

The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) has been used to describe thermal destruction kinetics of petroleum heavy residues obtained from JSC “Naftan”. Thermodestruction activation energy distribution curves have been obtained for heavy oil vacuum distillation residue, asphalt from propane deasphalting process and heavy visbreaking residue. The compensation effect of the frequency factor in the Arrhenius equation has been determined in regard to the change of rate constant with the change of temperature. The correlation between petroleum residues conversion degree and activation entropy value has been studied. Kinetic model with distributed parameters is recommended to be used while choosing heavy petroleum feed thermal processing regimes and estimating their completeness degree.

Kinematic viscosity, viscous flow activation energy, relative aggregation degree of n-heptane petroleum and bitumen malthenes solutions have been determined in the temperature range of 25-45°C. Bitumen maltehnes have been ascertained to form solutions with higher aggregation degree in comparisons with petroleum malthenes. That can be due to changes of intensity of particles interactions, higher average bitumen malthenes weight, and different malthenes associates structure. The presented research method can be used for regulation of petroleum systems group components aggregation degree.

The scientific and technical literature along with refineries technological structure has been analyzed from the heavy petroleum residue utilization viewpoint. It has been determined that the necessity of reduction of high-viscosity sour ash-rich residual fuel oil output exists. The combination of thermal decomposition, hydrogenolysis, and gasification of heavy residues has been shown to be proposed to solve the above problem. The visbreaking process upgrading expediency has been proved from the point of view of Belarusian refineries technological structure. The heavy oil fraction thermolysis intensification has been shown to be possible due to the use of activating additives of chemical compounds.